齐整小核菌和禾长蠕孢菌稗草专化型复配防除直播稻田杂草的试验研究  

Field Evaluation of Cooperative Application of Sclerotium rolfsii and Helminthosporium gramineum Rabenh. f. sp. echinochloae to Control Weeds in Dry Direct-seeded Rice

作　　者：庄超[1] 张羽佳[1] 唐伟[1,2] 宋小玲[1] 余柳青[3] 张建萍[3] 强胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学杂草研究室,南京210095 [2]浙江省化工研究院有限公司生测安评中心,杭州310006 [3]中国水稻研究所/水稻生物学国家重点实验室,杭州310006

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2015年第2期242-249,共8页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：国家"863"计划(2011AA10A206);国家科技支撑项目(2012BAD19B02)

摘　　要：由齐整小核菌Sclerotium rolfsii SC64和禾长蠕孢菌稗草专化型Helminthosporium gramineum f.sp.echinochloae（Hge）开发的生物除草剂菌克阔和克稗霉,分别防除阔叶草、莎草和稗草,将其复配可能一次性控制直播稻田稗草、阔叶草和莎草等主要杂草。因此在南京江浦农场进行了大田试验,设置了9种不同处理以评价其防除效果。结果表明,菌克阔对水苋菜和鳢肠7 d的株防效随浓度由低到高分别为25.7%-67.8%和21.9%-66.3%,21 d的鲜重防效为26.8%-59.0%和52.4%-82.0%,最优防效高于化学除草剂,其中该菌对马松子的防效差于前两者;对异型莎草7 d的株防效随浓度由低到高为38.7%-63.8%,21 d的鲜重防效为58.5%-87.7%,最优防效高于化学除草剂,因此该菌能有效防除水苋菜、鳢肠等阔叶杂草和异型莎草,防效随着用量的增加而增大;克稗霉对稗草7 d的株防效随浓度由低到高为40.7%-70.6%,21 d的鲜重防效为37.4%-80.5%,最优防效高于化学除草剂,因此该菌能够有效防除稗草,防效随着用量的增加而增大。与单用菌克阔或克稗霉仅分别对阔叶和莎草或稗草有效不同,复配明显提高了总草防效,7 d总草株防效从38.0%-71.0%,21 d的鲜重防效从40.2%-78.0%,防效随着复配剂量的增加而增大。其中,最优防效显著高于化学除草剂处理,说明菌克阔和克稗霉复配能有效防除主要杂草,可以替代化学除草剂应用于直播稻田。Sclerotium rolfsii strains SC64 and Helminthosporium gramineum f. sp. echinochloae are being developed as bioherbicides-Junkekuo and Kebaimei to control broadleaf weeds and sedges and Echinochloa crusgalli （L.） Beauv, respectively. Hence, the mixture of Junkekuo and Kebaimei were used as one shot so that it could control most of main weeds in dry direct-seeded rice. A field trial was conducted in the paddy field rotated with wheat in Jiangpu of Nanjing. The plant mortality at 7 d and 21 d and fresh weight reduction at 21d were observed. The results showed that Junkekuo could respectively cause 25.7%-67.8% and 21.9%-66.3% plant mortality of Ammannia baccifera L. and Eclipta prostrata L. at 7 d, 26.8%-59.0% and 52.4%-82.0% fresh weight reduction at 21 d. The best efficacy was significantly higher than that of chemical treatment. Meanwhile the sensitivity of Melonia corehorifolia L. to Junkekuo was weaker than that of the former two broadleaf weeds. Junkekuo could also kill 38.7%-63.8% plants of Cyperus difformis L. at 7 d, and caused 58.5%-87.7% fresh weight reduction at 21 d. The best effect was better than chemical treatments. So Junkekuo could effectively control broadleaf weeds, some sedges and the efficacy could increase with an increasing of dosage. Kebaimei caused 40.7%-70.6% plant mortality at 7 d and 37.4%-80.5% fresh weight reduction at 21 d for E. crusgalli The best efficacy was higher than chemical control. Therefore, it could effectively control E. crusgalli with a dosage- dependence. Obviously, mixed application of two bioherbicides improved more control effect than single application of Junkekuo or Kebaimei. With the increasing of bioherbicide dosage, control efficacy to weeds increased significantly. The plant mortality ranged from 38.0%-71.0% at 7 d and fresh weight reduction reached from 40.2%-78.0% at 2 l d. The best efficacy of the bioherbicide mixture was significantly higher than that of chemical control. The results showed that the mixture of Junkekuo and Kebaimei could replace chemical h

关 键 词：齐整小核菌 菌株SC64 禾长蠕孢菌稗草专化型Hge 杂草 旱直播水稻 生物除草剂 

分 类 号：S476.15[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S433.83[农业科学—植物保护]