有机物料发酵流体和堆肥对苹果连作土壤环境及平邑甜茶幼苗生物量的影响  

Effects of anaerobic and aerobic fermentation of organic materials on continuous cropping soil environment and Malus hupehensis seedling biomass

作　　者：张国栋[1] 展星[1] 李园园 沈向[1] 陈学森[1] 吴树敬[1] 毛志泉[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,泰安271018 [2]青岛明月蓝海生物科技有限公司,青岛266400

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第11期3663-3673,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-28);山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题;教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT1155)

摘　　要：为探讨不同有机物料的发酵流体(厌氧发酵产物)和堆肥(有氧发酵产物)对苹果连作土壤环境的影响,以盆栽平邑甜茶幼苗为试验材料,分别设置猪粪+秸秆、鸡粪+秸秆、羊粪+秸秆、猪粪+鸡粪+羊粪+秸秆4个不同有机物料组合并进行厌氧发酵和有氧发酵,并将发酵产物分别施入连作土中,研究其对平邑甜茶幼苗生物量、连作土壤中微生物、土壤酶活性、土壤酚酸等的影响。结果表明:与有机物料堆肥相比,各有机物料发酵流体处理的平邑甜茶幼苗干重、鲜重较高,其中猪粪发酵流体处理显著提高了幼苗干、鲜重,7月份为对照的1.57、1.26倍,9月份为CK的1.55、1.86倍;两类发酵产物均增加了土壤微生物的数量,且发酵流体处理显著增加了土壤中细菌和放线菌的数量,其中羊粪发酵流体效果最明显,分别为CK的2.95倍和2.37倍,在堆肥处理中,真菌数量显著增高;两类发酵产物也影响了土壤中酚酸总量,表现为猪粪、鸡粪发酵流体和猪粪堆肥处理含量下降,至9月份分别下降到CK的0.45、0.39倍和0.36倍。In this study,pig manure ＋ straw,chicken manure ＋ straw,sheep manure ＋ straw and three above manures ＋straw were fermented under aerobic and anaerobic conditions,respectively. The end product of fermentation was applied to containers filled with continuous cropping soil of apple field. The effects of fermented product on apple seedling growth in containers,microbiology,activity of urease,invertase and phosphatases as well as phenolic acid in continuous cropping soil contents was investigated. The results showed that the anaerobic fermented product（ fermented fluid） was applied into replant soil significantly enhanced the dry and fresh biomass production of the seedlings compared to the aerobic fermented product（ solid compost）. Pig manure＇ s fermented fluid increased plant fresh and dry weight by 1. 57 and 1. 26 times as compared to the control plant in July respectively,and 1. 55 and 1. 86 times in September,respectively. Soil microorganism population quantities was increased by both forms of organic matter,the fermented liquid has a stronger effect than the solidcompost in bacterial and actinomycetal density,sheep manure＇s fermented fluid was the best,and it increased about 2. 95 and 2. 37 times in above two kinds of microbiology, respectively. Moreover, both fermented products significantly influenced contents of phenolic acids,and the pig＇ s fermented fluid,chicken＇ s fermented fluid and pig＇ s solid compost decreased the total contents of phenolic acids by 0. 45,0. 39 and 0. 36 times compared to the control in September.

关 键 词：发酵流体 堆肥 连作 平邑甜茶 微生物 酚酸 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]