内生真菌对花生残茬腐解及土壤酚酸含量的影响  

Effects of an endophytic fungus on decay of peanut residues and phenolic acid concentrations in soil

作　　者：谢星光[1] 戴传超[1] 苏春沦 周佳宇[1] 王宏伟[1] 王兴祥[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学生命科学学院,江苏省微生物资源产业化工程技术研究中心,江苏省微生物与功能基因组学重点实验室,南京210023 [2]中国科学院土壤环境与修复重点实验室(南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [3]中国科学院红壤生态实验站,江西省红壤生态研究重点实验室,鹰潭335211

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第11期3836-3845,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAD05B04);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31370507,30970523);江苏省高校自然科学研究重大项目(13KJA180003);南京市科委工程中心创新能力提升项目(201105058)

摘　　要：土壤中花生残茬是导致连作障碍的原因之一。为了探讨施加内生真菌Phomopsis liquidambari(B3)对加速花生残茬腐解、改善连作花生土壤环境、缓解花生连作障碍的作用及其可能机理,通过向土壤中添加花生(Archis hypogaea)残体,利用盆栽试验探讨了施加B3对花生残茬腐解率、土壤部分酚酸物质和酶活性的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,在萌发期和苗期,添加B3处理显著加快残茬腐解,提高纤维素木质素降解率,增加土壤中对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸和香豆酸的含量;在花生整个生育期,施加B3显著调节了土壤中漆酶、锰过氧化物酶(Manganese peroxidase,Mn P)、木质素过氧化物酶(Lignin peroxidase,Li P)和多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol oxidase,PPO)活性的动态变化,这种变化有利于花生残茬快速腐解和酚酸类化感物质的及时转化。开花期之后施加B3处理土壤酚酸含量显著降低,花生荚果增产19.9%。实时定量PCR结果表明内生真菌B3在土壤中30 d内可以被检测,并对复杂多样的酚酸类物质具有广谱高效的降解能力。由此说明,施加内生真菌B3可以显著加快连作土壤中花生残茬腐解,进而通过减少土壤酚酸含量来缓解由残茬腐解引起的连作障碍。Peanut residue in the soil is considered to be an obstacle to peanut replanting. We aimed to understand the effect of applying an endophytic fungus [Phomopsis liquidambari（ B3）]on accelerating peanut residue decay,improving the microecological environment in the soil,and alleviating an obstacle to peanut replanting as well as its possible mechanism. We investigated the dynamics of peanut residue decay,phenolic acid concentrations,and enzyme activities during peanut growth in a pot experiment,where peanut residues were added into soil. Results showed that applying endophytic fungus B3（treatment B3 ＋） significantly accelerated the decay of peanut residue at the peanut germination and seedling stages; the decay rate increased by 12. 0% —14. 7% and the degradation rate of cellulose and lignin increased by 13. 7% —17. 8% and21. 2% —26. 0%,respectively,compared with controls（ CK）. From the flowering to maturation stages,the decay rate of peanut residues gradually decreased in treatment B3 ＋,but remained higher than that in CK. In addition,the concentrationsof p-hydroxybenzoic acid（4-HBA）,vanillic acid（ VA）,and p-coumaric acid（ p-CA） in treatment B3 ＋ were significantly greater than those in CK at the germination and seedling stages. This indicated that application of endophytic fungus B3 significantly promoted the release of phenolic acids during decay of peanut residues before the seedling stage.The concentrations of the three kinds of phenolic acids in CK were much greater than those in treatment B3 ＋ from flowering to maturation stages,which were critical stages for peanut formation and disease control; a high concentration of phenolic acids was harmful to peanut growth. In treatment B3 ＋,the activities of laccase,manganese peroxidase,lignin peroxidase,and polyphenol oxidase were all significantly greater than those in CK at the corresponding peanut growth period,and peanut pod yield increased by 19. 9%,compared with CK. Increases in activities of soil enzymes,which were assoc

关 键 词：花生残茬 连作障碍 酚酸 内生真菌 土壤酶活 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]