陇东红富士果树养分回流对土壤表层管理的响应  

Response of nutrient backflux dynamics within Fuji trees to soil groundcover management approaches in East Gansu Province

作　　者：刘国锋[1,2] 董星晨 樊亮[1,2] 海龙[1,2] 邱慧珍[1,2] 杨萍[1,2] 吴健君[3] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,兰州730070 [3]陇东学院农林科技学院,庆阳745000

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第11期3862-3870,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：甘肃省苹果产业科技攻关项目(GPCK2010-4);江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室开放课题(BM200720303);庆阳市星火计划

摘　　要：地处陇东黄土高原的庆阳市苹果园普遍缺乏有效的土壤表层管理措施,以盛果期的"红富士"果树为对象,研究不同土壤表层管理方式在养分回流期对苹果树体贮藏养分的动态变化。研究结果表明:优化覆膜(T2)与优化覆草(T3)一年生枝条叶片的叶绿素含量均显著高于常规处理(T1)。T2和T3处理的一年生春梢、秋稍和封顶枝中的碳素贮藏物质(可溶性糖、淀粉)和氮素贮藏物质(总游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白质)的含量均显著高于T1,T3比T2处理对碳素贮藏物质含量的提升效果更为明显。此外,相同枝条类型不同组织中的贮存养分含量不同,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质的含量表现为表皮积聚,韧皮部>木质部,淀粉与总游离氨基酸含量表现为主轴积聚,木质部>韧皮部。不同枝条类型中贮藏物质的含量整体表现为秋梢>封顶枝>春梢,秋梢在提升养分贮藏水平中起到了重要作用。Poor and insufficient groundcover-management approaches have been a big problem for apple production on Loess Plateau,Qingyang City,East Gansu Province. Soil groundcover management is a widely used soil-surface management measure. Soil groundcover management approaches can improve fruit tree nutrition,and nutrient backflux ensures that the trees efficiently use their nutrients,which is important for trees grown in an area with depleted soil nutrients. There are few reports about the effects of soil groundcover management approaches on nutrient backflux in apple trees. Therefore,we studied the effects of two different types of optimized soil groundcover management approaches on the dynamics of storage nutrients in Red Fuji apple trees in a fruit orchard during nutrient backflux and compared the results with those obtained using the local conventional management approach. The following three treatments were used： T1,the local conventional management measure; T2,optimized film mulching measure; and T3,optimized maize-straw mulching measure. We obtained the following results： Compared to the T1 treatment,both T2 and T3 treatments increased chlorophyll content,andthis result was significant after T3 treatment. The chlorophyll content after T2 and T3 treatments was 5. 53% and 7. 94%,respectively. The two optimized treatments significantly increased the contents of both carbon storage substances（ e. g.,soluble sugar and starch） and nitrogen storage substances（ total free amino acids and soluble proteins） in 1-year-old branches—spring shoots,autumn shoots,and top-cutting shoots; higher increments were observed in branches that received T3 treatment. Soluble sugars in spring shoots,autumn shoots,and top-cutting shoots increased by 8. 94%,8. 16%,and12. 45%,respectively,after T2 treatment,and by 13. 59%,13. 07%,and 15. 10%,respectively,after T3 treatment.Starch in spring shoots,autumn shoots,and top-cutting shoots increased by 13. 45%,13. 02%,and 9. 63%,respectively,after T2 treatment,and by 20. 73%,22. 32%,an

关 键 词：红富士苹果 土壤表层管理 养分回流 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]