民用飞机高原风场进近驾驶行为变化对失控趋势的影响  

Influence on loss of control trend by pilot behavior changes during highland wind-field approach

作　　者：韩国玺[1] 张曙光[1] 李志涛 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院,北京100191 [2]中国兵器工业导航与控制技术研究所,北京100089

出　　处：《航空学报》2015年第6期1775-1787,共13页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(60832012)~~

摘　　要：高原机场运行安全性是颇具中国特色的飞行安全研究领域。在高原机场终端区,飞机的飞行性能下降,如果遭遇大风等不利天气条件,不安全事件的发生概率增加,其中飞行失控(LoC)是重要的潜在威胁类型。为了分析风场飞行的失控机理并研究高原环境中驾驶员生理变化对LoC趋势的影响,对高原机场终端区驾驶员的操纵行为进行参数化表征,模拟了高原环境对于驾驶行为的可能影响,并结合高原特征风场模型,通过数值仿真分析穿越风场飞行时失控风险的变化趋势。仿真结果表明:危险的山谷风和突风是导致LoC的重要诱因,高原环境中驾驶员生理心理的恶化也会增加LoC的危险,不合适的增益、过大的延迟和滞后都会导致飞机的失控。如果能够对驾驶员进行有针对性的训练,降低应对风扰动出现时的操纵增益波动,并保持适当紧张状态以尽量降低操纵延迟,将有利于应对风扰动,并保持完成飞行任务的能力。The operation of highland airport flight safety is a research field with conspicuous Chinese characteristics. In the highland airport terminal area, the performance of the aircraft reduces. The probability of unsafe events and accidents increases, when encountering heavy winds and other adverse weather conditions. Loss of control （Lot） is one of the important conditions. To analyze the mechanism of flying out of control in wind-field and research the effect of plateau environmental behavior changes on LoC trend, we present parametric characterization of the pilot＇s manipulation of operation in high- land airport terminal area and then simulate the potential impacts on pilot＇s behavior at high altitude. Binding a typical pattern highland wind-field, we analyze the risk of LoC when flying through wind by numerical simulation. The results show that dangerous valley winds and gusts are chief incitements causing uncontrolled flight. The pilot＇s physiological and psychological deterioration has a significant impact on the risk of LoC. Also, inappropriate gain, excessive delay and lag lead to the aircraft out of control. If we can provide targeted training for pilots, reduce the response gain to dangerous wind pattern and maintain proper tension to minimize control delay, it will help to deal with the wind disturbance and maintain the ability of completing a mission.

关 键 词：飞行失控 高原机场 驾驶员 紊流 生理变化 

分 类 号：V212.1[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程] V328.1