不同秸秆还田方式对玉米根际土壤微生物及酶活性的影响  

Effects of Different Straw Returning Modes on the Soil Microorganism and Enzyme Activity in Corn Field

作　　者：于寒[1] 梁烜赫[2] 张玉秋[3] 孙杨[1] 吴春胜[1] 谷岩[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学作物研究中心,吉林长春130118 [2]吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,吉林长春130124 [3]吉林省辽源市农业科学院,吉林辽源136200

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2015年第3期305-311,共7页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31000687);吉林省科技厅自然基金项目(20140101154JC);吉林省教育厅项目(2014046);国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD16B10;2012BAD04B02)

摘　　要：为了探明不同秸秆还田方式对玉米根际土壤微生物及酶活性的影响,设置秸秆覆盖和深埋2种秸秆还田方式,研究了不同处理(秸秆覆盖于玉米长期连作土壤CT1、秸秆深埋于玉米长期连作土壤CT2、秸秆覆盖于米麦轮作土壤T1、秸秆深埋于米麦轮作土壤T2)对下茬玉米根际土壤微生物及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1)相同的秸秆还田方式下,T1和T2玉米根际土壤微生物生物量碳、主要微生物及生理类群和土壤酶活性均高于CT1和CT2处理。(2)在玉米长期连作土壤中,秸秆深埋更能提高下茬玉米根际土壤微生物生物量碳含量,增加土壤细菌、放线菌、主要微生物生理类群(氨化细菌、好气性固氮菌、硝化细菌)和降低土壤真菌数量,提高土壤脲酶和转化酶活性。而在米麦轮作土壤中,秸秆还田方式对玉米根际土壤真菌和主要微生物生理类群(氨化细菌、好气性固氮菌、硝化细菌)、土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性影响不大。在吉林省玉米长期连作种植区,秸秆深埋比秸秆覆盖更能有效改善土壤微生物结构。Straws contain a large amount of organic matter and nitrogen, phosphous, potassium and different microelements. Straw-returning becomes one of the most important measures to replace the traditional organic fertilizer and increase the soil organic matter. As the bond between next stubble crops and soil microorganism, returned straws play an important role in underground rhizosphere microorganisms environment. In this study, the effects of different straw returning modes on the soil microorganism and enzyme activity were investigated. The experiment included four different treatment： the soil of continuous-cropping with straw mulching （CT1）, the soil of continuous-cropping with straw buried （CT2）, the soil of alternate-cropping with straw mulching （T1）, the soil of alternate-cropping with straw buried （T2）. Corn was plant- ed in the above treatments and determined the soil microorganism and enzyme activity at the different growth stage. The results showed that under the same straw-returning, the microbial biomass carbon content, corn microorganism and soil enzyme activities of T1 and T2 were higher than those of CT1 and CT2. In the soil of continuous-cropping, compared with the straw-mulching, the straw-buried increased significantly in the numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes, ammonifying bacteria, aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and the activities of soil urease and invertase. While in the soil of alternate-cropping, the returning mode of straw had little impacts on the numbers of fungi, ammonifying bacteria, aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and nitrifying bacteria and activities of urease and catalase. It is concluded that the straw-buried can improve the soil microorganisms in the soil of continuous-cropping compared with the straw-mulching.

关 键 词：玉米 秸秆还田 土壤微生物 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]