政府间组织学习与政策再生产:政策扩散的微观机制——以“城市网格化管理”政策为例  

Organizational Learning among Governments and the Policy Reproduction:The Microscopic Mechanisms of Policy Diffusion——A Case Study on the Policy of "City Grid Management"

作　　者：林雪霏[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学政府管理学院,北京100871

出　　处：《公共管理学报》2015年第1期11-23,153-154,共13页Journal of Public Management

摘　　要：政府间的组织学习是政策扩散的微观机制,也是政策知识转移、吸收与内化的政策再生产过程。文章以"城市网格化管理"政策为例,对上海市"城市网格化管理"、浙江省舟山市"网格化管理、组团式服务"以及重庆市某区"网格化社会防控体系"三种再生产形式进行分析,发现地方政府并非被动地移植政策原型,而是将其作为知识起点进行选择性的吸收与改造。政府组织在技术导向学习与社会导向学习之间的复杂选择导致"再生产"的政策在具体形式和改革力度两个维度上不同程度地偏离了政策原型。而这种学习选择与政策再生产偏离受到三种具体机制的影响,即问题研判机制、不确定性规避机制与资源动员机制。三种机制共同作用于整个组织学习过程,使得创新政策本土化的同时也具有复杂的地方治理绩效与制度变迁导向。文章的主要价值在于引入组织学习视角,展现政策扩散过程中"再生产"政策的变迁样态和影响学习的微观机制;局限在于由于缺乏其中部分案例的一手调研材料而影响到分析的深入程度。The objective of this paper is to illustrate organizational learning among governments as the micromechanism of policy diffusion and its determinant factors. An exploratory multi-case study,involving three reproductive forms of 'City Grid Management' Policy in three different cities was conducted. The analysis,based on their policy patterns and policy-making process,reveals that local governments do not copy the policy model negatively but take it as the starting point of knowledge which needs selectively absorbing and remoulding. The government organizations make a complicated selection between the technology-orient study and the society-orient study,which leads to the deviation from the policy model in different degrees in two dimensions of the concrete form and the reformation strength. The learning selection and policy reproduction are influenced by three mechanisms which are problem analysis、uncertainty avoidance and resource mobilization. The key limitation of the study is the lack of first-hand information of some certain cases,which affects the analysis depth. Expanding on the previous research approach of policy diffusion at macro level,this study attempts to introduce the perspective of organization learning,with which the change of reproductive policy and the influential factors can be concretely explored.

关 键 词：政府间组织学习 再生产政策 偏离 问题研判 不确定性规避 资源动员 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]