论近代欧洲犹太人的解放与犹太社会的转型——以法德为中心的考察  

On Jewish Emancipation in Modern Europe and Jewish Social Transformation

作　　者：胡浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学犹太-以色列研究中心

出　　处：《世界民族》2015年第3期13-24,共12页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目"近现代犹太社会转型研究--以德国为中心的考察"(项目号:12YJC770022);国家社会科学基金项目"犹太教改革研究"(项目号:12CZJ012);中国博士后基金面上项目"犹太教世俗化研究"(项目号:2013M530336);河南省高等学校哲学社会科学创新团队"犹太-中东史创新团队"(项目号:2013-CXTD-01)阶段性成果

摘　　要：近代欧洲犹太人解放运动促使犹太人重新审视自己的民族身份及犹太教在现代国家中的地位,瓦解了传统犹太社会结构。解放的前提是,犹太人首先将自己看成国家的公民,然后才是宗教社团的成员,并在政治、经济、文化、宗教等诸方面服从于正在兴起的民族国家的需要。犹太人的改革运动、科学运动在解放影响下应运而生,注重凸显犹太教普世价值,弱化甚至消除其中反映民族孤立主义和特殊主义的因素,在神学、教义、律法等方面展开全面变革,努力缓解犹太人、犹太教与现代社会的紧张关系。从现代犹太史进程来看,解放造成了一个具有明显世俗特征的、多元化的犹太社会的出现,促进了欧洲犹太人从传统社会向现代社会的转型。但同时解放也带来不可忽视的消极后果,因传统和犹太民族性遭到削弱,许多犹太人在解放后陷入身份困惑之中。Jewish Emancipation Movement in Europe effectively disintegrated the traditional structure of the Jewish community, and urged the Jews to re-examine their own national identity, as well as the status of Judaism in modern states. The Jewish Emancipation is premised on the fact that Jews must recognize themselves as citizens of the country first and then the members of the religious community, who serve the needs of the rising unity of the nation- state in the aspects of politics, economics, culture and religion. Jewish reform movement and scientific movement emerged under the influence of the liberation, which highlighted the value of Jewish universalism, and weakened or eliminated the particular and isolationist elements in Judaism. They started up the comprehensive change in Jewish theology, doctrine and law, etc. trying to ease the tensions among the Jewish people, Judaism and the modem state. Jewish Emancipation thus brought out a multiple Jewish society with obvious secular characteristics, promoting the transformation of Jewish society from a traditional one to a modem one.

关 键 词：犹太人 犹太教 解放 社会转型 

分 类 号：D75[政治法律—政治学] D562[政治法律—中外政治制度]