道格拉斯的宗教观对美国黑人解放事业的影响  

On the Effects of the Religious Viewpoint of Fredrick Douglass to the Black Liberation in America

作　　者：高春常[1] 

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《世界民族》2015年第3期51-62,共12页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：山东省社科规划项目"美国黑奴宗教叙事研究"(项目号:10CLSZ02);教育部社科规划项目"美国黑奴叙事研究"(项目号:13YJA770009)的阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：美国黑人解放事业的核心目标是摆脱奴隶制的压迫、实现人身自由和种族平等。在道格拉斯生存的时代,这个问题涉及三类利益群体,即黑人解放事业的斗争对象——南方种植园主、受益主体——黑人大众及北方同盟军——白人废奴主义者;他们身份不同,诉求有别,但都极力从宗教角度将自身的立场神圣化。在黑人解放事业的正当性、主动性和适当途径方面,道格拉斯亦将这些本属世俗性的问题上升到神学的高度,力图以"基督的基督教"破解南方白人的话语霸权,以神授自由意志论扫荡黑人大众消极无为的宿命论,以上帝干预有限性所支撑的政治行动论超越加里森的道德说教论,从而为美国黑人的解放事业指出了一条合法的、现实的、中间的道路。The core purpose of black liberation in America is to get rid of oppression under slavery, to free the black and to realize racial equality. Three interest groups, including Southern planters who are the main enemies for black liberation, the black peoples who are the main beneficiaries and the white abolitionists who are their Northern allies, involved in this issue in the time of Fredrick Douglass. They were all trying to consecrate their own standpoints. Douglass raised such secular issues as legitimacy, initiative and proper method for black liberation to a theological level. He thus pointed out a legitimate, practical, and in-between path for black liberation in America by destroying the discourse hegemony of Southern whites by ＂Christianity of Christ＂, purging the passive fatalism of black masses by the divine free will, and transcending Garrison＇ s way of moral persuasion by political actions supported by free sphere under the limited sovereignty of God.

关 键 词：弗里德里克·道格拉斯 宗教观 自由意志 黑人解放 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]