我国燃煤电厂颗粒物排放特征  

Emission Characteristics of Particulate Matter from Coal-Fired Power Plants in China

作　　者：贺晋瑜[1] 燕丽[1] 雷宇[1] 汪旭颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部环境规划院,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2015年第6期862-868,共7页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201309072)

摘　　要：基于我国燃煤电厂（不含港、澳、台数据,下同）的燃烧技术及颗粒物控制技术分类,建立了燃煤电厂颗粒物排放计算方法.利用该方法,分析了2000─2010年我国燃煤电厂颗粒物排放量及分布特征.结果表明：我国燃煤电厂颗粒物排放量自2000年起持续增加,于2005年达到最高值（375×10^4t）,其中PM10、PM2.5排放量分别为237×10^4、129×10^4t;此后逐年降低,2010年降至166×10^4t,其中PM10、PM2.5排放量分别降至126×10^4、85×10^4t.随着静电除尘及湿法脱硫的普及,颗粒物中PM2.5所占比例由2005年的34.3%升至2010年的51.2%.我国燃煤电厂颗粒物排放地区分布不均衡,2010年内蒙古、山东、河南、江苏、山西和广东六省区的排放量占全国排放总量的44%.PM2.5排放因子也因各省燃煤电厂颗粒物排放控制技术不同而产生差异,其中煤粉炉、循环流化床锅炉的PM2.5排放因子分别为0.35-0.75、0.27-0.90 kgt.从机组规模影响来看,单台容量在30×10^4k W以下的燃煤机组是粗颗粒（PM〉10）的主要来源,而在30×10^4k W以上的燃煤机组对PM2.5排放贡献（64.6%）较大,这主要与这类燃煤机组静电除尘和湿法脱硫的安装比例高有关.A particulate matter （PM） emission model was developed based on the combustion modes and pollution control devices in China＇s coal-fired power plants. The PM emissions from coal-fired power plants in China from 2000-2010 were calculated with the model. The results showed that PM emissions from coal-fired power plants peaked in 2005, with 375 × 10^4 t of TSP, 237 × 10^4 t of PM10 and 129 × 10^4 t of PM2.5 , and then decreased year by year. In 2010, emissions of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 dropped to 166 × 10^4 , 126 × 10^4 and 85 × 10^4 t, respectively. With increasing use of electrostatic precipitators and wet flue gas desulfurization technologies, the proportions of PM2.5 in total PM increased from 34.3% in 2005 to 51.2% in 2010. Coal-fired power plants should focus on fine particle emissions reduction in the future. In addition, the distribution of PM emissions among provinces is uneven： Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Shanxi and Guangdong combine to contribute 44% of emissions of China. The situation of emission control among provinces is different. The PM2.5 emission factors were 0.35-0.75 kg/t for pulverized coal furnaces and 0.27-0. 90 kg/t for circulating fluidized bed boilers. In terms of the impacts by unit capacity, units of less than 30 × 10^4 kW were the main source of PM 710, while those of 30 × 10^4 kW or more dominated PM2.5 emissions （64.6%） from coal-fired power plants, due to the larger coverage of electrostatic precipitator and wet flue gas desulfurization technologies in the coal-fired units above 30 × 10^4 kW than in those below 30 ~ 104 kW.

关 键 词：颗粒物 燃煤电厂 排放量 分布特征 PM2.5排放因子 

分 类 号：X32[环境科学与工程—环境工程]