集聚类型、劳动力市场特征与工资—生产率差异  

The Agglomeration Patterns and Wage-Labor Productivity Difference between Regions:Mechanism and Evidence from China

作　　者：赵伟[1] 隋月红[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学经济学院,邮政编码310027 [2]中国计量学院经济与管理学院,邮政编码310018

出　　处：《经济研究》2015年第6期33-45,58,共14页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目(11AJL010);浙江省哲科规划基金(12JCJJ01YB);浙江省自然科学基金(LQ12G03020)

摘　　要：本文以空间经济学的视野分析了专业化、多样化两种集聚倾向下劳动生产率与工资之间的动态差异。引入不完全竞争的劳动力市场情景,建模并刻画了劳动技能、劳动生产率与工资差异的内生性变化及链条联系,进而从行业层面考虑了两种集聚类型的作用情形,创造性地利用横截面同期相关对集聚经济不可观测的部分进行了测度。选取浙江和广东两个经济发展水平相近但产业多样性差异较大的地区为样本,利用两省2003—2010年制造业行业面板数据以及面板校正标准误(PCSE)的估计方法做了实证检验。结果显示,一个地区集聚产业的多样性越强,越有利于促成工资增长的长效机制,且工资上涨是经济可承受的;多样性较弱或专业化较强地区的工资提升过快或将牺牲劳动生产率;在行业同期相关条件下,劳动力供给短缺对工资的影响不显著;偏向多样化地区的企业平均规模与工资显著负相关,偏向专业化地区的企业平均规模与工资显著正相关。This paper explores the connections between two agglomeration patterns and wage-labor productivity with a perspective of spatial economics. We build a model to depict the chained links among several variables, the difference and endogenous change of labor skills, labor productivity and wage in two agglomeration patterns, specialization and diversity, based on imperfect competition of labor market. In our empirical works, we create the cross sectional correlation in panel data to measure the agglomeration economies that is believed unobservable so far with a data-driven way. We identify two Chinese provincial economies, Zhejiang and Gangdong, as two sample regions representing the two agglomeration patterns respectively. Using the panel data of manufacture industries of the two provincial regions from 2003 to 2010, we find that the more diversified a region＇s agglomeration, the higher the wage could be in the long run by PCSE. While in a specialized or less diversified region, wage growth might sacrifice labor productivity improvement. Besides, the effect of labor shortage on wage is insignificant when cross-sectional correlation is considered. There is a negative relation between firm size and wage level in diversity region, on the contrary, wage growth is beneficiary in large firm in a specialization-featured agglomeration region.

关 键 词：集聚类型 专业化 多样化 工资 劳动力市场 

分 类 号：F249.24[经济管理—劳动经济]