岫岩地区大豆田地表蜘蛛边缘效应及优势种群动态分析  

Analysis of the Edge Effect and Dynamics of Dominant Species of Ground-dwelling Spiders in Soybean Field in Xiuyan,Liaoning Province

作　　者：何昌彤 郑国[1] 李学军[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳师范大学化学与生命科学学院,沈阳110034

出　　处：《四川动物》2015年第3期364-369,共6页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31372224;31172121);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103022);辽宁省高等学校优秀人才支持计划(LJQ2012094)

摘　　要：为了研究农田地表蜘蛛的边缘效应及优势种群动态特征,本文采用陷阱法对辽宁省岫岩地区大豆田地表蜘蛛进行了系统的调查和分析。共采集成熟蜘蛛3312头,属于11科23属38种。其中狼蛛科和皿蛛科为优势科,白纹舞蛛、晨豹蛛、赫氏豹蛛、草间钻头蛛、锯胸微蛛为优势种。清种大豆田边缘样带与内部样带的蜘蛛物种数和优势种均存在差异。多样性分析的结果表明,从大豆田边缘到内部,地表蜘蛛的物种数量、丰富度指数D、多样性指数H'有逐渐降低的趋势,说明大豆田地表蜘蛛存在着明显的边缘效应。群落相似性分析的结果也证明了边缘效应的存在。大豆与玉米间作可以显著提高地表蜘蛛的均匀度指数,对蜘蛛多样性和丰度的影响很小。通过优势种的动态分析发现,地表蜘蛛优势种的时间动态变化明显。In order to study the edge effect and dynamics of dominant species of ground-dwelling spiders, an investigation was conducted in soybean fields in Xiuyan, Liaoning province using pitfall traps. We collected 3312 adult spiders, belong- ing to 38 species, 23 genera and 11 families. Among of which, Lycosidae and Linyphiidae were dominant families; Alopeco- sa albostriata, Pardosa chionophila, Pardosa hedini, Hylyphantes gramlnicola and Erigone koshiensis were dominant spe- cies. The number of the spiders and the dominant in the edge and the interior of the soybean fields were varied. The number of species, Margalef＇ s species richness （D） and Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H＇） were descended from the edge to the interior, which indicated that ground-dwelling spiders were affected obviously by edge effect. The community similarity anal- ysis also confirmed the resuh. Moreover, the intercropping of soybean and corn could significantly improve the Pielou even- ness index, but had little effect on species diversity and abundance. Dynamic analysis of the dominant species showed an obviously dynamic change to ground-dwelling spiders in soybean fields.

关 键 词：大豆田 蜘蛛 优势种 多样性 边缘效应 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]