大熊猫保护区社区管理模式的现状与发展  

Study of Status and Development of Community Management for Giant Panda Sanctuary

作　　者：傅之屏[1] 谌利民[2] 杨远兵[1] 陈伟[3] 刘雷[1] 余波[3] 刘昊[1] 何万红[2] 

机构地区：[1]绵阳师范学院,川西北保护大熊猫教育研究中心,四川绵阳621006 [2]四川唐家河国家级自然保护区管理处,四川青川628100 [3]绵阳师范学院,生态安全与保护四川省重点实验室,四川绵阳621006

出　　处：《四川动物》2015年第3期468-473,共6页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：中欧环境治理“保护区社区携手共建生态中国”项目(CINR);国家林业局国际合作项目:片口大熊猫栖息地社区教育,发展与监测综合保护(EDMP)应用性研究(WH0417)

摘　　要：保护区的建立对大熊猫的保护发挥了有效作用,但却限制了社区对资源的使用。20世纪80年代引进的"社区共管"模式,在一定程度上弥补了保护区封闭式管理的弊端,促进了生态保护与社区经济的协调发展。而大熊猫保护区大多位于中西部偏远贫困山区,对生态干扰比较大的贫困社区却基本没有被纳入社区共管试点范围。作者在20年岷山保护区社区调研资料的基础上,参阅了国内外重要文献资料,并对岷山北、中和南部13个保护区最靠近大熊猫栖息地的社区进行了系统调研,发现了现有社区共管的成效和不足。最后,提出了以大熊猫保护区区域生态文明建设为总目标,以"保护区为主导—地方政府为后盾—社区为主体—高校院所参与—企业拉动"为内涵,五位一体"携手共建",并有协调员制度配合的运行管理模式。本模式已在四川唐家河国家级自然保护区试行,实现周边社区全覆盖,在制度化、常态化和量化管理方面初获成效。The establishment of reserves has been proved to be effective for giant panda conservation, but this method lim- its the community to use the natural resources. The introduction of “community condominium” mode in the 80 years of the last century, to some extent, makes up for the disadvantages of closed-end management of protected areas, and promotes the coordinated development of ecological protection and community economy. The giant panda reserves are mostly established in remote mountainous areas of poverty in Midwest China, however, the poor communities with significant ecological disturb- ance are not included in the basic scope of the pilot condominium community. On the basis of the community surveys during 20 years in Minshan protected area and important domestic and foreign literature, as well as systematic researches of commu- nities close to the giant panda habitat in 13 reserves in Minshan, the effectiveness and shortcomings of existed condominium community were found. Therefore, in order to build area ecological civilization in the giant panda protected zone, we pro- posed the operation and management model： the protected area as leading, local government as backing, the community as the main body, university institutes participate, companies as pull, with coordinator work together. This model has been tested in the Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve, and has achieved full coverage surrounding communities as well as got some effectiveness on institutionalized, normalized and quantification of the management.

关 键 词：大熊猫保护区 社区 生态文明 五位一体“携手共建” 协调员制度 

分 类 号：S863[农业科学—野生动物驯养]