作物耐旱基因的表达特性及遗传工程研究  

Expressive Characteristics of Drought-related Genes and Their Genetic Engineering Prospects in Crops

作　　者：马艺文[1,2] 李亮[2] 王楠[2] 王振萍[3] 姜立雁 郝转芳[2] 王振华[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学农学系,哈尔滨150030 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081 [3]吉林省通化市农业科学研究院,吉林海龙135007

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2015年第2期33-40,共8页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31271735);国家转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2014ZX0800304B)资助

摘　　要：干旱会限制作物生长及产量形成,并引起作物体内一系列生理生化反应。作物耐旱性是多基因控制的复杂数量性状,为了应对水分缺失,作物体内形成多条信号途径,并在形态、生理和分子水平上适应干旱。受到干旱胁迫后,作物通过激活相关转录因子来调控相应下游基因的表达,并且通过转录后调控和渗透调节来适应干旱,维持正常的生理活动和代谢活动,减少干旱胁迫对植物的伤害。逆境也会诱导小RNA的产生,其通过诱导目的基因mRNA的降解以及阻止翻译过程去调控靶基因,达到耐胁迫逆境的作用。耐旱相关基因的遗传工程对作物在非生物逆境下的正常生长非常重要,总结了干旱响应机制所涉及的基因的功能及利用情况,以期为耐旱育种提供参考依据。Drought restricts crop growth and yield formation, and causes a series of physiological and biochemical reactions inside of crop. Drought tolerance of crops is a complex quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. In order to cope with water deficiency, crops form multiple signaling pathways for surviving in morphology, physiology and molecular level. Under drought stress, crops activate transcription factors to regulate expression of the corresponding downstream genes, and being adapt to drought via the post-transcriptional regulation and osmotic adjustment, and maintain normal physiological and metabolic activities to reduce damage by drought stress. Stress can also induce the generation of small RNA, which regulates its target genes by inducing degradation of target gene mRNA and prevents translation, reaches the function of stress tolerance. Genetic engineering of crop drought-related genes, which ean grow well under abiotic stresses, is very important. This paper summarized the function and application of genes involved in different drought response mechanisms, which will provide references for drought tolerance breeding.

关 键 词：作物 耐旱基因 表达特性 遗传工程 

分 类 号：Q78[生物学—分子生物学]