吸烟对反应抑制的影响：证据、原因和争论  

Response Inhibition in Smokers

作　　者：赵鑫[1] 刘晓婷[1] 昝香怡[2] 周爱保[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学心理学院,行为康复训练研究中心,兰州730070 [2]兰州大学第二医院VIP呼吸科,兰州730070

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2015年第6期1031-1040,共10页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(31300838);教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目(13YJC190032);认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室开放课题(CNLYB1317);甘肃省高等学校科研项目(2013A-002);西北师范大学青年教师科研能力提升计划(SKQNYB12009)资助

摘　　要：近期研究发现,吸烟会使个体的反应抑制能力受到一定程度的影响。与不吸烟的健康人群相比,吸烟者在测量反应抑制能力的Go/No Go任务和Stop-Signal任务上的虚报率较高,反应时间较长;吸烟者的反应抑制能力在反应抑制加工阶段受到影响,而在冲突监控阶段并未与正常被试表现出差异;另外,研究还发现,与不吸烟者相比,吸烟者左侧丘脑、左侧额中回和左侧前扣带回灰质体积较小。尼古丁的摄入对前额叶和中脑边缘多巴胺系统的影响可能是导致吸烟者反应抑制能力受到影响的原因。但是,一些研究并未发现吸烟对反应抑制能力存在影响,这可能与实验任务以及研究对象的选取有关。比较不同香烟剥夺状态下个体的反应抑制能力、比较吸烟者与其他药物成瘾者(酒精、毒品)反应抑制能力的差异并且比较使用双选择oddball范式与Go/No Go任务和Stop-Signal任务在对吸烟者反应抑制能力的研究上所得结果的异同以及对吸烟者反应抑制能力的干预和训练将成为该领域日后研究的重点。Recent studies have found that smoking affects individual response inhibition ability. Compared with non-smokers, smokers have higher false rates and longer reaction times in the Go/No Go task and Stop signal task. Although smokers have deficits in early response inhibition, there is no difference between smokers and non-smokers in conflict monitoring. In addition, the study also found that smokers’ left thalamus, left middle frontal gyrus, and left anterior cingulate cortex have smaller grey areas than found in non-smokers. Nicotine intake harms the prefrontal cortex and mesolimbic dopamine system, which leads to lower response inhibition ability in smokers. However, some studies have found that smoking does not affect response inhibition ability; these contradictory results may be due to experimental tasks and subject selection. Future research will feature the reaction to individual inhibition in different types of cigarette deprivations, the comparisons of response inhibition between smokers and other addicts （alcohol, drugs）, the variance in smokers＆#39; response inhibition ability in the oddball, Go/No Go, and the Stop-Signal tasks, and interventions and response inhibition training for smokers.

关 键 词：吸烟 反应抑制 尼古丁 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学] B842[医药卫生—医学心理学]