某石化企业接苯工人外周血象改变及影响因素  

Changes of peripheral hemogram among benzene-exposed workers in a petrochemical enterprise

作　　者：陈仁强[1,2] 李相鑫[2] 于素芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学公共卫生学院,山东济南250012 [2]菏泽市疾病预防控制中心,山东菏泽274000

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2015年第2期81-84,共4页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

摘　　要：目的探讨苯接触人员外周血象的改变和主要影响因素。方法对某石化企业的672名企业职工(接触组538人,对照组134人)进行血常规检查,分析性别、工龄、年龄、接触水平等影响因素和血常规检查结果的关联。结果工作场所定点检测苯浓度合格率为94.3%,个体检测合格率为100%。接触组外周血象异常检出率为7.25%,白细胞减少的检出率为4.65%,高于对照组(χ2=8.014、4.388,P<0.05)。接苯女工红细胞异常(减少)检出率为7.21%,男工为1.41%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.524,P<0.01);接苯女工血红蛋白异常(减少)检出率为3.60%,男工为0.23%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.512,P<0.01)。接触组白细胞计数减少以及外周血象异常的检出率有随接触水平的增加而增高的趋势(趋势χ2=4.968、9.296,P<0.05)。红细胞、血红蛋白减少的主要危险因素为女性,OR值分别为5.450和15.925(P<0.05);外周血象异常的主要危险因素为高接触水平和女性,其OR值分别为4.808和3.108(P<0.05)。结论长期接触苯可导致外周血象异常;苯接触对女性的红细胞、血红蛋白损害更大。Objective To investigate changes and the main influence factors of peripheral hemogram of workers occupationally exposed to benzene. Methods Blood routine test was performed in 672 workers（538 exposed and 134 non-exposed） in a petrochemical enterprise. The exposure level,employment history and other potential affecting factors were investigated. The data were analyzed by linear trend and non-condition Logistic regression method. Results The compliance rate of benzene concentration were 94.3% at work-sites,and that of individual exposure level were 100%. The abnormality of peripheral blood and leucopenia among benzene-exposed workers were 4.65% and 7.25% respectively,and were higher than tho se of controls（χ^2 = 8.014,4.388,respectively,P〈0.05）. The female exposed workers had higher rates of aglobulia（7.21%） and hypohemoglobinemia（3. 60 %）than those of males（1. 41 % and 0. 23 %,respectively）（χ^2 = 9. 524,7. 512,respectively,P〈0.05）. The exposure time and gender（female）played an important role. The OR values of different peripheral hemogram indicators in female exposed workers varied from 3.108 to 15.925,compared with the male exposed workers. Conclusion Female benzene-exposed workers are vulnerable populations and need more protection. Current occupational exposure limit of benzene in China is not safe for them.

关 键 词：苯 外周血象 红细胞减少 血红蛋白减少 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]