益生菌对载鸭水体和产蛋性能的影响及其分子机制  

Effects of Pro-Biotic Microbes on Living Water and Laying Performance in Layer Ducks and Molecular Mechanisms

作　　者：应诗家[1] 许爱红[1] 戴子淳 郗正林 何宗亮 匡伟 赵伟[1] 吴云良[1] 施振旦[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院畜牧研究所/动物品种改良和繁育重点实验室,南京210014 [2]南京市畜牧家禽科学研究所,南京210036

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2015年第11期2262-2269,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家水禽产业技术体系(CARS-43-16);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金(CX(12)3070)

摘　　要：【目的】研究饲粮添加芽孢杆菌和载鸭水体应用光合细菌对载鸭水体和鸭产蛋性能的影响及其分子机制。【方法】采用"地面平养+水池"养殖模式,以2×2因子试验设计,选择同批次连城白鸭和樱桃谷鸭杂交后代蛋鸭240只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只,每个重复独立一栏。两处理因子分别为饲粮添加有效活菌含量为8×107 cfu/kg的枯草芽孢杆菌和载鸭水体应用光合细菌至水体有效活菌含量为1.8×1012 cfu/m3。对照组为不应用芽孢杆菌和光合细菌,光合组为只应用光合细菌,芽孢组为只添加芽孢杆菌,联合组为既添加芽孢杆菌又应用光合细菌。预饲7 d,试验期120 d。试验期间统计每10 d的平均产蛋率、平均采食量和平均料蛋比;每10 d采集水样用于检测大肠杆菌和沙门+志贺氏菌数量;每15 d采集水样和血样用于检测内毒素浓度。试验结束时,采集新鲜粪样用于检测大肠杆菌和沙门+志贺氏菌数量;取十二指肠、空肠和回肠黏膜用于检测内毒素水平;取空肠、回肠和脾脏组织用于炎症和凋亡相关基因表达。试验鸭自由饮用池水、自由采食、自然光照。水体和血液内毒素、采食量、产蛋率、料蛋比、水体大肠杆菌和沙门+志贺氏菌数据采用重复测量的线性混合模型分析,LSD修正法多重比较。粪便微生物数量、肠道黏膜内毒素水平和组织基因表达数据采用单因子方差分析,Duncan法多重比较。【结果】芽孢杆菌和光合细菌不显著影响鸭采食量(P>0.05)、空肠Caspase-3和Bcl-2 m RNA表达(P>0.05)、回肠Bcl-2 m RNA表达(P>0.05)、以及脾脏IL-1βm RNA表达(P>0.05),但芽孢杆菌和光合细菌显著提高蛋鸭产蛋率(P<0.001),显著降低蛋鸭料蛋比(P<0.001)、载鸭水体(P<0.001)、十二指肠(P<0.01)和回肠(P<0.01)内毒素浓度、粪便大肠杆菌数(P<0.001)、空肠TLR4(P<0.05)和回肠Caspase-3(P<0.05)m RNA表达水平。采食量、产蛋率、【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the effects of supplementation of Bacillus subtilis spores in the feed and addition of photosynthetic bacteria（PSB） on living water and laying performance of laying ducks and their mechanisms.【Method】A total of 240 laying ducks were randomly and equally allocated into 24 ＂slate floor bed ＋ water pool＂ individual pens using a 2×2 factorial design with 6 replications per treatment.After 7-d pre-feeding,the ducks were received 2 main treatments：supplementation of Bacillus subtilis（viable count 8 × 107 cfu/kg） in the feed,and addition of PSB（viable count 1.8 × 1012 cfu/kg） to the living water.Neither supplementation of B.subtilis nor addition of PSB into living water was used as the control group（C group）,supplementation of B.subtilis was used as the B.subtilis group（B group）,addition of PSB into living water was used as the PSB group（P group）,and both supplementation of B.subtilis and addition of PSB into living water was used as the combined group（BP group）.In the 120-d experimental period,the average laying rate,average feed intake and average feed to egg ratio were calculated every10 days.The living water samples were collected every 10 days for measuring counts of E.coli and Salmonella ＋ Shigella.The living water and blood samples were collected every 15 days for measuring LPS concentration.At the end of the experiment,the fresh feces were collected for measuring counts of E.coli and Salmonella ＋ Shigella.The mucosa and tissues of duodenum,jejunum and ileum were collected for measuring LPS concentrations and m RNA expression of inflammation/apoptosis- related genes,respectively.During the experiment,the animals were maintained under natural photoperiod.Living water and feed were available to the ducks ad libitum.The linear mixed model of SPSS,for the analysis of repeated measurements,was used with comparisons using the LSD correction.The data with repeated measurements included LPS concentrations in living water and pla

关 键 词：蛋鸭 产蛋性能 光合细菌 芽孢杆菌 内毒素 

分 类 号：S834[农业科学—畜牧学]