轴流泵水力模型压力脉动和振动特性试验  

Experimental Investigation on Pressure Fluctuation and Vibration in Axial-flow Pump Model

作　　者：张德胜[1] 耿琳琳[1] 施卫东[1] 潘大志[1] 王海宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学流体机械工程技术研究中心,镇江212013

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2015年第6期66-72,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51479083);江苏省高校自然科学研究面上资助项目(13KJD470001);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：采用高频压力传感器对某一轴流泵模型叶轮进口、叶轮出口和导叶出口3个压力测量点,分别在3个转速1 450、1 200、1 000 r/min的额定流量工况条件下,进行了系列压力脉动测量试验。试验研究结果表明,不同转速下的压力脉动峰峰值不符合泵相似定律准则;不同转速条件下,叶轮进口处的压力脉动主频均为叶频,但叶轮出口的压力脉动主频随着转速的变化而发生漂移;泵内最大压力脉动峰峰值在泵内的位置也随之改变。通过分析转速变化对不同压力测点处的主频和泵不同位置的振动特性影响,发现试验泵不同位置处的振动以流体诱导的低频信号和转子系统质量不均匀诱导的轴频及其倍频为主要特征信号。从振动与压力脉动的频域来看,在0-2倍轴频范围内变化趋势基本相同,且速度变化对二者有相似的影响。在不同转速条件下,压力脉动的频率以1-4倍轴频为主要频域信号范围,但在不同位置处,振动频域范围仍主要以1倍和2倍的轴频信号为主。A series of pressure fluctuation and vibration acceleration were measured at the key monitoring points under the speeds of 1 450,1 200,1 000 r / min,and their correlations were discussed. The experimental results showed that the peak to peak values of the pressure fluctuation didn＇t obey the pump similarity law. The pressure fluctuation patterns were different under different rotating speeds. The maximum peak-to-peak value moved from the impeller inlet to the guide vane outlet with the rotating speed increased. The main frequency at impeller inlet was the blade passing frequency（ BPF） under different rotating speeds,and the main frequency in impeller outlet and guide vane outlet were slightly lower than the blade passing frequency with rotating speed increased. The amplitude at the impeller outlet was increased firstly,and then decreased,while it was always increased at the guide vane outlet with rotating speed increased. The vibrations at different positions in the model pump mainly included shaft frequency which was induced by mass unbalance of rotor system and the low frequency induced by the unsteady fluid in pump. In the frequency ranged from about 0 to 2 times,the pressure pulsation and vibration tendency was substantially the same,and the speed variations had a similar effect on both of them. There were main 1 - 4 times rotation frequencies in pressure fluctuation frequency domain at different monitoring points,which were changed under different rotating speeds,while only 1 and 2 times of shaft rotation frequency played the main role in the vibration frequency domain at different monitoring locations.

关 键 词：轴流泵 压力脉动 振动 频谱 试验 

分 类 号：TH312[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]