页岩气勘探开发基本特征与程序  

Basic characteristics and sequential process of shale gas exploration and development

作　　者：王书彦[1,2] 李瑞[2] 王世谦[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油西南油气田公司勘探事业部 [2]成都理工大学地球物理学院 [3]中国石油西南油气田公司勘探开发研究院

出　　处：《天然气工业》2015年第6期124-130,共7页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家科技重大专项"页岩气勘探开发关键技术--南方海相页岩气开采试验"(编号:2012ZX05018-006)

摘　　要：近几年来,页岩气在国内备受重视,但由于不熟悉或遵循页岩气勘探开发特征与程序,致使目前一些地区的页岩气开采工作未达到预期效果。为此,通过对页岩气勘探开发基本特征的梳理,讨论了页岩气勘探开发各阶段所需完成的目标和任务,以及在各决策点需解决的关键问题,以期降低勘探决策风险,提高成功率。研究结果认为:①页岩气藏特征与常规气藏存在着明显的差异,其勘探开发方式也迥异,前者具有投资大、风险高、投资回报期长等特点;②页岩气勘探开发工作是一个循序渐进的过程,为降低投资风险,必须严格遵循勘探开发的基本程序;③一个完整的页岩气勘探开发程序可以大致划分为选区评价、勘探评价、先导试验和开发生产等4个阶段,每个阶段都有其特定的目标与任务,勘探开发步骤可以加快,但程序不可逾越;④大批量的水平井钻井及大规模的压裂增产改造,导致页岩气开采成本极高,如何降本增效成为页岩气产业可持续稳步发展的关键;⑤为降低页岩气开采巨大的投资风险,需要在不同的勘探开发阶段进行多期次的投资决策;⑥采用"滚动开发"的模式,可以有效地控制页岩气开发的成本和风险,实现页岩气资源的规模效益开发。In recent years, extraordinarily high attention has been paid to shale gas in China. The shale gas exploration and development in some areas failed to get the expected results because of the unfamiliarity with its rules, features and workflows. In order to lower the decision-making risks and improve the exploration success ratio, this paper discusses the specific objectives and tasks required and implemented at different stages in the whole shale gas exploration and development process and those key issues to be resolved at each decision point. The following results were concluded. （1） There exist obvious differences between shale gas and conventional gas reservoirs, so does their exploration and development workflow. （2） Shale gas exploitation is characterized by huge investment, a high risk and a long investment cycle, so it needs operators to strictly follow the basic sequential process of exploration and development in order to reduce the investment risks. （3） Shale gas exploration and development is a step by-step process comprising of four stages such as play screening assessment, exploration appraisal, pilot testing and commercial production. The specific targets and tasks have been set for each stage of shale gas exploitation. The steps of exploration and development can be accelerated, but they cannot go beyond the sequential process. （4） Large quantities of horizontal drilling and large-scale fracturing production stimulation make the cost of shale gas exploitation extremely high. How to reduce the cost and increase the efficiency becomes the key factor for sustainable and steady development of shale gas industry. （5） In order to reduce the high investment risks, staged decision should be made in the sequential process of exploration and development. （6） The rolling development of shale gas is suggested to effectively control the cost and risks, realizing scale and efficient commercial development of shale gas resources in China.

关 键 词：页岩气 勘探开发程序 气藏特征 先导试验 滚动开发 投资风险 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学] TE37[天文地球—地质学]