浙江良渚古城墙铺底垫石的特征与石源分析  

Analysis of the Architectural Features of the ancient Zhejiang Liangzhu City-walls:The Stone Bases and Their Material Source

作　　者：吕青[1] 董传万[1] 许红根 王宁远[2] 刘斌[2] 马晓雄[1] 顾红艳[1] 周超[1] 吴维维[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学地球科学系,浙江杭州市310027 [2]浙江省文物考古研究所,浙江杭州市310014

出　　处：《华夏考古》2015年第2期79-88,共10页Huaxia Archaeology

基　　金：浙江省文物保护科技项目<良渚古城铺底垫石的鉴定与石源研究>的成果之一

摘　　要：良渚文化是一支分布在太湖流域的古文化，距今5300—4300年。近年在良渚遗址群内发现了规模宏大的良渚古城，在古城墙底部普遍铺垫石块为地基。本文用地质调查和考古学的方法，对良渚古城墙铺底垫石进行块度、形状等测量和石料岩性鉴定，并考察古城周边山体露头及冲沟滚石的岩性特征，判断铺底垫石的来源与产地。研究表明，铺底垫石普遍为次棱角状、次圆状，指示它们绝大部分经过短距离的搬运，采自古城周边山坡脚和山涧冲沟。铺底垫石共有11种岩石类型，与古城周边山体出露的岩石基本相同，说明它们来自瓶窑镇及其周边的丘陵山体。铺底垫石的性质与来源确认，对了解良渚古人利用自然资源的能力，活动范围，及当时的社会生产与组织结构等深层次研究有重要意义。Liangzhu culture （5. 3-4. 3 ka BP） is the ancient one located in Taihu Drainage Area. In recent years, a large-scale Neolithic city was found in the Liangzhu ruins. There were widespread bedding-stones as a foundation under the Neolithic city walls. We measure the morphological characteristics of the bedding-stones, identify their rock-types, and investigate the lithologic features of the exposures on hills and alluvial channels around this ancient city to analyze the source of the bedding-stones. Research shows that the shapes of the most bedding-stones are sub-angular and sub-rounded, indicating they were transported through a short distance. The bedding - stones are divided 11 rock-types, which are basically the same to the rocks exposed on the nearby hills. So the bedding-stones are from the hilly mountain and alluvial channels around Pingyao and Liangzhu towns. Verifying of the characteristics and source of the bedding-stones is significant for understanding to ancient Liangzhu people＇ s range of activity, capacity of utilization of natural resources, and in-depth study of soeial production and organization relationship at that time.

关 键 词：良渚古城墙 铺底垫石 岩性特征 石源分析 余杭瓶窑 浙江 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]