雨夜驾驶人对黑色障碍物视认距离变化规律研究  

A Study of Driver's Visual Recognition Distance of the Black Obstacles in Rainy Nights

作　　者：赵炜华[1,2] 韩伟[2] 冯中祥[3] 叶飞[1] 边浩毅[1] 刘浩学[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江交通职业技术学院运输管理学院,杭州311112 [2]长安大学汽车学院,西安710064 [3]合肥工业大学交通运输工程学院,合肥230011

出　　处：《交通信息与安全》2015年第2期92-97,131,共7页Journal of Transport Information and Safety

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金项目(批准号:2012M521731);国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:51308177);交通运输部交通科技计划项目(批准号:2014319G01230)资助

摘　　要：为预防和减少雨夜道路交通事故,定量研究降雨强度对驾驶人视认距离变化规律,以确定行车速度、停车视距及限速选择,进行实际道路试验研究。试验共选择被试38人,在不同降雨量的雨夜,选用黑色障碍物,在不同车速条件下,进行驾驶人空间距离判识实际道路试验。试验共进行71组,最终依据速度和降雨强度,聚类为25组不同条件下全样本试验。统计全部结果,分析数据分布特征。利用曲面回归分析方法,建立视认距离随降雨量和行车速度变化规律函数模型。模型相关系数为0.983 2,模型有效度系数为0.94,可有效表示视认距离与瞬时降雨强度和行驶速度之间的关系。研究表明,随着单位时间内降雨量增加,视认距离缩短;随着行驶速度增加,视认距离减小;当两因素耦合作用于驾驶人时,会因为视认距离减小导致允许反应时间缩短。In order to prevent and reduce the number of accidents occurred in rainy nights ,this study focuses on how the rainfall intensity impacts on driver＇s visual cognition distance so driving speed ,stopping sight distance and adviso‐ry speed can be determined .38 drivers were recruited and the actual test‐driving （71 tests） was conducted in rainy nights with different rainfalls .All tests were grouped into 25 groups according to different speed and rainfall intensity using the cluster analysis method .Driver＇s visual recognition distances of the black obstacles at different speeds were collected .The study developed a model of visual distance recognition distance with variables of rainfall intensity and driving speed using the method of curved surface regression .The results show that the correlation coefficient is 0 .983 2 and effective degree coefficient is 0 .94 ,which confirms the strong relationship between visual cognition distance and the instantaneous rainfall intensity and speed .The results also indicate that the visibility distance decreases when the rainfall increases ,and visibili‐ty distance decreases when the driving speed increases .Under an extreme condition when drivers drive very fast in a heavy rain night ,the visibility distance will decrease greatly and allowed reaction time will be shortened rapidly ,which may cause an accident .

关 键 词：交通安全 夜间驾驶 曲面回归分析 降雨强度 视认距离 

分 类 号：U491.254[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]