中国大陆降水时空变异规律——I.气候学特征  

Spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation variability over China's Mainland: I: Climatology

作　　者：任国玉[1,2] 战云健 任玉玉[1,2] 陈峪[1,2] 王涛[2,4] 柳艳菊[1,2] 孙秀宝[2,4] 

机构地区：[1]国家气候中心,北京100081 [2]中国气象局气候研究开放实验室,北京100081 [3]中国气象局国家气象信息中心,北京100081 [4]南京信息工程大学大气科学学院,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《水科学进展》2015年第3期299-310,共12页Advances in Water Science

基　　金：公益性行业科研专项经费资助项目(GYHY201206012)~~

摘　　要：为系统了解大尺度降水气候特征,利用2 300多个国家级气象站逐日观测资料,分析了中国大陆1956—2013年多年平均降水的空间分布和季节性变化规律。主要新认识有:1暴雨量、暴雨日数和暴雨强度最高的站点在华南沿海,而小雨量、小雨日数最多的站点主要在江南内陆山区、丘陵;东部季风区山地、丘陵多出现低强度降水,平原和沿海易出现高强度降水;2四季降水量均由西北内陆向东南沿海递增,南方秋季降水量明显小于春季,但华西和江南沿海秋季降水量较多,冬季降水在东南丘陵出现高值中心;3珠江和东南诸河流域降水量年内存在2个峰值,其中珠江流域有6月主峰值和8月次峰值,东南诸河流域主峰在6月中下旬,次峰在8月末,长江流域总体表现为单峰型,出现在6月下旬和7月初,西南诸河流域和北方所有流域降水均表现为夏季单峰型;4南方各大河流域从2月末到6月中下旬陆续进入雨季,北方各大河流域进入雨季时间集中在6月末、7月初;南、北方雨季结束时间比雨季开始时间集中,从南到北进入雨季时间持续120 d以上,而从北到南退出雨季时间则仅持续不到45 d;5丰雨期的持续时间,珠江流域从5月初到9月上旬后期,东南诸河从5月上旬到7月上旬,8月末到9月初再度短暂出现,长江流域从6月中下旬到7月中旬,西南诸河从7月中旬到8月下旬,淮河流域从7月上旬至7月底、8月初,辽河流域在8月初出现极短丰雨期;6降水年际变异性最高的站点在青藏高原西南、塔里木盆地、阿拉善高原、华北平原北部和汾河谷地,海河流域年降水具有最大的变异系数。Climatological characteristics of precipitation in China's Mainland are analysed by using an updated daily precipitation dataset from 2 300 stations for period 1956--2013. The new findings are as follows： ① The largest pre- cipitation amount, days and intensity of rainstorms concentrate in the coastal zone of southern China, while the largest precipitation amount and days of light rain are mainly seen in inland mountains and hills south of the Yangtze River; in the eastern summer monsoon region, the highly intensive rain generally occurs in the low-laying plains and coastal zones, and the light rain mostly in the mountains and hills. ② Precipitation of all the seasons decreases from southeast to northwest; precipitation of autumn is much less than that of spring in southern China, but the autumn precipitation is more abundant in the Qinling Mountains, the Daba Mountains and the Sichuan Basin, and along the narrow coastal zone; the largest winter precipitation occurs in the hills region of south-eastern China. ③ Double to triple peaks of precipitation in a year appear in the Pear River basin, the south-eastern rivers and the mid-to lower Yangtze River ba- sin, with the main peak in mid-to late June and secondary one in late August for the south-eastern rivers, for exam- ple, and main peak in June and secondary one in mid-August for the Pear River basin; all the northern rivers witness a single peak in late July. ④ The southern large rivers enter into rainy season gradually from late February to mid-to late June, and the northern large rivers enter into rainy season almost simultaneously in late June and early July; the close dates of rainy season are much concentrated across the eastern China, with the beginning time lasting for more than 120 d from the south to the north, and the closing time from the north to the south only lasting for less than 45 d. ⑤ The beginning and closing dates of potential flood season occur in the early May and the early September in the Pear River basin, the early May and t

关 键 词：降水量 降水日数 降水强度 雨季 丰雨期 中国 

分 类 号：P339[天文地球—水文科学]