三峡蓄水后洞庭湖水沙环境变化对湖区航道的影响  

Impact on Dongting Lake channel caused by the change of flow and sediment environment after Three Gorges Project impoundment

作　　者：张明[1] 冯小香[1] 刘哲[1] 李维娟[2] 

机构地区：[1]交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所工程泥沙交通行业重点实验室,天津300456 [2]湖南省交通规划勘察设计院,湖南长沙410008

出　　处：《水科学进展》2015年第3期423-431,共9页Advances in Water Science

基　　金：交通运输重大科技专项资助项目(201132822430);交通运输建设科技项目(20113280001570)~~

摘　　要：江湖关系变化是影响洞庭湖水文泥沙环境的重要因素,关系到湖区航运的安全。以实测水文及地形数据为基础,研究了洞庭湖区水沙环境的变化特征,并分析了其对湖区航道的影响。结果表明:1三峡蓄水后,枯季湖区月均流量趋于减少,湖区淤积减缓甚至出现冲刷,枯水期湖口低水位有所上升,湖面比降趋于降低;2受来沙减少影响,湖区航道有所冲刷,湖口低水位上升使得湖区通航保证率水位有一定幅度上升,航道水深增加,三峡蓄水初期江湖关系变化对湖区航道的影响总体为积极因素,对湖区湘江航道的影响要大于开湖航道。The change of river-lake relation is one of the most important factors affecting the flow and sediment envi- ronment in the Dongting Lake area. This has a great influence on the safety and development of lake shipping. On the basis of the hydrological and topographical field data, this paper studies the variation in the characteristics of the wa- ter-silt environment and then analyzes its influence on the lake channel. The following results were observed that after the project impoundment： ① The mean monthly discharge in dry seasons tends to decrease, the siltation in the lake area slows down and even scours, the low water level at the lake outlet rises to a certain extent, the water surface gra- dient in the lake tends to decrease ; ② The decrease of incoming sediment causes the channel incision, and the rise of low water level at the lake outlet increases the channel water level, the channel is therefore deepened. The river-lake relation is overall positive factor for the lake channel and the benefits for the Xiangjiang channel are more than that for the Kaihu channel.

关 键 词：水沙环境变化 江湖关系 湖区航道 洞庭湖 三峡工程 

分 类 号：TV14[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]