中国城乡居民安全认知能力和急救自救能力分析  

Safety cognitive ability and first aid capacity in emergency event among urban and rural residents in China

作　　者：严丽萍[1] 李洋[1] 唐颖[1] 卢永[1] 胡俊峰[1] 王萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国健康教育中心,北京110011

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2015年第6期842-845,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：卫生部中央补助地方烟草控制与健康素养监测项目(080105)

摘　　要：目的了解城乡居民安全与急救基本认知能力和急救自救能力,并分析其主要影响因素。方法采取多阶段分层随机抽样方法 ,对全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)及新疆生产建设兵团79 542名城乡常住居民进行安全认知能力与急救自救能力调查。结果生活安全方面,城乡居民对农药和药品摆放位置(93.82%)、正确购买农药(84.37%),不吃过期食品(89.40%)的知晓率较高,收获期农作物不能使用农药的知晓率较低(45.83%);职业安全方面,城乡居民对《职业病防治法》了解甚少(29.87%),对用人单位应该为员工提供职业防护培训(81.08%)和设施(81.15%)认识程度较高;急救方法方面,多数居民在遇到煤气中毒(79.14%)、触电(93.89%)、火灾(92.28%)时能够采取正确的自救他救措施,但除了88.5%的居民知道紧急救助拨打120电话外,居民知晓急救止血(29.03%)、心肺复苏(44.89%)、骨折处置(19.66%)等现场急救措施的比例较小;多因素logistic回归分析发现,居民安全与急救素养的主要影响因素包括性别(OR=0.881)、年龄(OR=0.998)、文化程度(OR=1.959)、民族(OR=0.611)、家庭规模(OR=0.971)和收入(OR=1.131)等。结论应对儿童、儿童监护人、老年人开展有针对性的安全与急救健康教育,加强急救自救技能指导。Objective To investigate the status and influence factors of safety cognitive ability, self-help and first- aid capacity in emergency event among urban and rural residents in China. Methods The investigation covered 79 542 urban and rural residents aged 15 - 69 years in all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities of China's Mainland selected with multistage stratified random sampling method. Based on ＇Health literacy-basic knowledge and skills for Chi- nese citizens＇ issued by Ministry of Health of China in 2008, a questionnaire was designed for a face-to-face interview among the residents on life safety, occupation safety, and first-aid methods. Results Overall, the residents had a higher awareness rate of life safety （93.82% for keeping pesticides and medicine in right place,84. 37% for purchasing pesti- cide correctly ,and 89.40% for not eating outdated food） ,but lower awareness rate for no pesticide application to agricul- tural crops,vegetable,and fruit tree before harvest time （45.83%）. Only 29.87% of the residents knew ＇The Law on Prevention and Control of Occupational Disease＇, whereas most of the residents were aware of the requirement for em- ployers to provide facilities （81.08%） and training （81.15%） for the prevention of occupational diseases. Of the resi- dents ,79. 14% ,93.89% ,and 92. 28% listed correct first aid procedures in gas poisoning, electric shock, and fire emer- gency,but only 29.03%, 44. 89%, and 19.66% knew how to stop bleeding in trauma victims, cardiopulmonary resuscitation,and appropriate management of fracture,although most of the residents （88. 5% ） noted to dial ＇ 120＇ for emergency service. Logistic regression analysis revealed that gender （ odds ratio [ OR ] = 0. 881 ）, age （ OR = 0. 998 ）, education （ OR = 1. 959 ） , nationality （ OR = 0. 611 ）, family size （ OR = 0. 971 ） , and familial income （ OR = 1.131 ） were main fac- tors influencing safety cognitive ability and first aid capacity in the residents. Concl

关 键 词：安全认知能力 急救自救能力 安全与急救素养 监测 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]