亚洲东部森林的小气候特征：1.辐射和能量的平衡  

Microclimate of forests across East Asia biomes:1.Radiation and energy balance

作　　者：谭正洪[1] 于贵瑞[1] 周国逸[3] 韩士杰[4] 夏禹九 前田高尚 小杉绿子 山野井克己 李胜功[2] 太田岳史 平田竜一 安田幸生 中野隆志 小南裕志 北村兼三 溝口康子 廖志勇[1] 赵俊福[1] 杨廉雁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带森林生态学重点实验室,中国昆明650223 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国北京100101 [3]中国科学院华南植物园,中国广州510650 [4]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,中国沈阳110016 [5]华大学环境学院,中国台湾花莲97401 [6]日本产业技术综合研究所环境管理技术研究部门,日本筑波305-8569 [7]京都大学农学研究科,日本京都606-8501 [8]日本森林综合研究所北海道支所,日本札幌062-8516 [9]名古屋大学生命农学研究科,日本名古屋464-8601 [10]日本国立环境研究所地球环境研究中心,日本筑波305-8506 [11]日本森林综合研究所东北支所,日本岩手020-0123 [12]日本森林综合研究所气象环境研究领域,日本筑波305-8687 [13]日本森林综合研究所关西支所,日本京都612-0855 [14]日本森林综合研究所九州支所,日本熊本860-0862

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2015年第6期541-553,共13页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31200347)

摘　　要：森林小气候是森林植被与区域气候相互作用所形成的局地环境系统。森林小气候的研究,不仅是一项关于森林生态系统运行机理的理论研究工作,对农林业生产也具有现实的指导意义,在全球变化形势下其重要性又进一步凸显。辐射的收支、能量的平衡与分配是小气候特征形成的基础。对森林辐射收支和能量分配的研究,过去主要以单站点为主,系统的区域分析十分匮乏。该文采用亚洲东部17个森林站点的实测数据,分析了生态系统的辐射收支和能量平衡,探讨了区域尺度上辐射特征量的纬度变异性及其预测关系式,建立了亚洲东部森林带典型森林生态系统的辐射和能量收支模式。所选站点以水平地带性为主,为区域分析奠定了基础。研究发现,辐射特征量具有明显的纬度依赖性,辐射特征量和纬度二者的关系可以用于相应的预测。比如,太阳辐射随着纬度的变化关系为:y=6205–42.15x(p<0.01),即纬度每上升1°,太阳辐射年总量下降42 MJ,理论最大值为6 205 MJ。净辐射的纬度趋势更加显著(r=–0.89,p<0.000 1),其线性回归关系为:y=4340–45.60x。亚洲东部森林蒸散比(EF)与降水量(P)之间的定量关系为:EF=0.7098(1–exp(–0.0026P))。通过对比不同森林带的辐射和能量模式,发现亚热带森林在辐射收支上与温带森林相近,波文比既高于温带森林,也高于热带森林,表明更多的净辐射能用于显热交换。关于亚热带森林在小气候和物质代谢方面的特殊性,值得进一步分析研究。Aims Forest microclimate is the local environment generated through the interaction between regional climate and forest structure.Studies on forest microclimate not only have theoretical significances in ecology but also practical meanings in forest management practices and wood production.Radiation budget and energy balance is the basis for microclimate.Few studies have performed the radiatoin budget and energy balance analysis at regional scale.Here,we focused at this for the East Asia.Methods A total of 17 forest sites in the East Asia across biomes were used in this study.Measurements on solar radiation,long-wave radiation,net radiation,sensible heat flux,latent heat flux,and soil heat flux were compiled in the context of radiation and energy conservation.The annual variations of radiation and energy components were analyzed by site.Mean annual radiation and energy were related to latitude.The radiation and energy conservation equations were established for each forest biome by the multi-site block averages.Important findings Forest radiation properties（i.e.solar radiation,net radiation,albedo） showed a linear trend with latitude among the sites.For example,the solar radiation and latitude relationship is：y = 6205 – 42.15x（p〈0.01）,indicating that solar radiation decreases with latitude at a rate of 42 MJ per degree with a theoretical maximum of 6 205 MJ.A more significant relationship was found between net radiation and latitude：y = 4340 – 45.60x（r = –0.89,p 0.000 1）.The radiation and energy budgets of boreal,temperate,subtropical and tropical forest were established.Evapotranspiration fraction（EF） was highly correlated with precipitation（P） as：EF = 0.7098（1 – exp（–0.0026P））（R2 = 0.745 1,p〈0.000 1）.Subtropical forest showed a unique pattern in this cross-biome analysis but needs further studies in the future.

关 键 词：亚热带森林 纬度地带性 蒸散比 太阳辐射 能量分配 

分 类 号：S716.3[农业科学—林学]