中国传统蛋清灰浆的应用历史和科学性  

The application history and scientificity of traditional Chinese egg white mortar

作　　者：张坤[1] 方世强[2] 张秉坚[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学文物与博物馆学系,杭州310007 [2]浙江大学化学系,杭州310027

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2015年第6期635-642,共8页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(批准号:2012BAK14B05);国家文物局"指南针计划"(批准号:[2011]1806)资助项目

摘　　要：蛋清灰浆是一种传统有机-无机复合灰浆,在中国古代应用广泛,主要用于三合土建筑、砖石砌筑、泥塑彩绘壁画等方面,与糯米灰浆、桐油灰浆、血料灰浆等共同构成了具有中国特色的古代建筑胶凝材料体系.研究这一人工复合材料的应用历史和科学性无疑可对中国古代建筑史和科技史起到丰富和补充作用.研究发现,将蛋清加入石灰、黏土等无机物浆体中时,会产生一系列物理化学作用,如加气作用、黏接作用、杀菌作用和防水作用等,其作用机理与蛋白质分子及水化产物的界面活性作用有关,也与生物矿化的模板调控作用有关.运用化学检测和酶联免疫检测分析方法,在149处古建筑及遗迹的灰浆样品中发现含有蛋白质成分的有32个以上,充分说明蛋白质类灰浆应用广泛和历史久远的事实,同时也为文物建筑维修保护方案设计提供了参考资料.Egg white mortar is a type of traditional organic-inorganic mortar widely applied in ancient China, enriching the content of traditional Chinese cementitious construction materials together with sticky rice mortar, tung oil mortar, blood-material mortar, etc. Egg white mortar was mainly used in tabia buildings, masonry constructions, clay sculptures and wall paintings. It has been found that when added into inorganic binders such as calcium hydroxide, earth and tabia, egg white will display a series of physico- chemical properties such as air entraining property, viscous property, antimicrobial property, and waterproofing property, etc. These enhanced functions can be attributed to the interracial activity of proteins and their hydration products, and to the effect of biomineralization, during which process the organic matter acts as the temple and controls crystal growth. After detecting 149 ancient mortar samples by chemical and enzymatic methods designed by our research group, proteins were present in 32 mortar samples. The results show the wide use and long history of egg white mortar, and shed light on historic building protection schemes.

关 键 词：蛋清 灰浆 历史 机理 检测 

分 类 号：TU52[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]