北京奥林匹克森林公园2种蜘蛛结网差异的研究  

Comparison of Nephila clavata and Argiope bruen- nichi based on their orb webs in Beijing Olympic Forest Park

作　　者：刘懿天 武睿鹏 窦向梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市十一学校,100039

出　　处：《蛛形学报》2015年第1期60-64,共5页Acta Arachnologica Sinica

摘　　要：目的对北京奥林匹克森林公园的棒络新妇蛛和横纹金蛛的结网差异进行研究，为鉴别2种蜘蛛及其他后续试验提供依据。方法：对蜘蛛结网的中心高度、蜘蛛的大小、蜘蛛捕食猎物的种类进行分区调查，总结了2种蜘蛛捕获猎物种类的差别，并对各自结网高度与自身大小的相关性进行了分析。结果：2种蜘蛛结网高度成显著性差异，8l厘米可以作为高度分界线。棒络新妇蛛捕获猎物种类明显比横纹金蛛丰富，棒络新妇蛛结刚高度勺蜘蛛大小成中度相关。结论：在蜘蛛从园蛛科进化到2种蜘蛛时，一种蜘蛛由于某些原因要求扩大捕食种类及捕食量，选择在81厘米至300厘米的高度捕食，而演变为棒络新妇蛛，另一种蜘蛛为了躲避天敌的捕食，选择在40厘米至81厘米的高度结网，而演变为横纹金蛛。Objective Webs and building behavior To find the difference of the orb webs ofNephila clavata and Argiope bruenniehi, open new criteria for the identifiation of this two species of spiders.are studied. ？ Methods The height of spider orb webs, their body size and their kinds of preys are compared using statistical method. We obtain the signifcant different between this two kinds of spiders from Chi-square test of the height of their orb webts. Results 81 cm is an efficient boundariy for distinguishing this two kinds of spiders. Then we test the association between the height of spider＇ s orb webs and their prey, their body size. The prey types of Nephila clavata is more rich than Argiope bruenniehi obviously. The result suggests that the body size ofNephila elavata and its orb webs height appear moderate correlated. We therefore hypothesized that such correlation is perhaps the result of evolution. Conclusions When spider evolved from Araneidae, some spin orb webs at the height of 81-300 cm to capture more kinds of spey and obtain more meals, and then evolve as Nephila clavata. Some other spiders spin orb webs at the height of 40-81 cm to evade their predators. Nephila clavata and Argiope bruennichi.

关 键 词：棒络新妇蛛 横纹金蛛 结网高度 蜘蛛大小 北京奥林匹克森林公园 

分 类 号：Q959.226[生物学—动物学]