珠江干流表层沉积物重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险  

Pollution characteristics and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments from the Pearl River Artery

作　　者：刘宝林[1,2,3] 张鸿[1] 谢刘伟 王艳萍[2] 王鑫璇[2] 赵亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]深圳大学物理科学与技术学院,广东深圳518060 [2]天津科技大学食品工程与生物技术学院,天津300222 [3]长春师范大学化学学院,吉林长春130032

出　　处：《东北师大学报（自然科学版）》2015年第2期141-147,共7页Journal of Northeast Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11275130);吉林省教育厅"十二五"科学技术项目(吉教科合字[2014]第518号)

摘　　要：为了解珠江干流不同城市段水体污染状况,采集珠江干流广东境内6个城市段的27个表层沉积物（0~15cm）样品,经全分解后测定了重金属As,Cd,Cu,Zn,Ni,Cr,Pb的含量,分析了其空间分布特征、来源和生态风险.结果表明：与国内其他河流城市段相比,珠江干流表层沉积物重金属含量处于较高水平.珠江干流肇庆段、佛山段、广州段、江门段、中山段和珠海段河流重金属分布极为不均,广州河段重金属含量显著高于其他河段.重金属Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr和Ni主要来自于工业废水、生活污水及混合排放污水的重金属污染源,而As主要来自于岩石的自然风化与侵蚀过程的重金属天然来源.92.6%的采样点沉积物重金属总毒性单元大于5,处于中等风险状态.沉积物重金属的平均毒性As〉Pb〉Ni〉Zn〉Cr〉Cu〉Cd,其中,As,Pb的毒性显著高于其他重金属.In order to understand the water pollution status of the Pearl River Artery in different urban section,surface sediments （0-15 cm） were collected from 27 sampling sites from 6 city section of the Pearl River Artery in Guangdong Province in August 2013. Samples were subjected to a total digestion technique and analyzed for As, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb in order to study spatial distribution characteristics,sources,and ecological risks. Results showed that the total heavy metals contents in the surface sediments of the Pearl River Artery were higher compared tO other urban rivers in China. The spatial distribution of heavy metal was highly nonuniform and heavy metal contents in sediments from Guangzhou were significantly higher than that from other cities. Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr and Ni were from the mixed source that was composed of industrial wastewater and domestic wastewater. The sum of toxic units （∑Tu） in 92. 6% samples were above five indicating moderate toxicity. The mean heavy metal toxic units of the Pearl River Artery decreased following the order As〉Pb〉Ni〉Zn〉Cr〉Cu〉 Cd with higher contributions to the sum of toxic units of As and Pb.

关 键 词：水体污染 表层沉积物 重金属 污染特征 生态风险 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]