不同枣品种花粉的形态特征和萌发特性  

Morphological and germination characteristics of pollens in different jujube cultivars

作　　者：胡琼[1,2,3] 王森[1,2,3] 郭红艳[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学经济林育种与栽培国家林业局重点实验室,湖南长沙410004 [2]中南林业科技大学经济林培育与保护省部共建教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410004 [3]中南林业科技大学经济林培育与利用湖南省2011协同创新中心,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《经济林研究》2015年第2期73-81,共9页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家948项目"以色列鲜食枣品种及培育新技术引进"(2012-4-61);国家林业局标准项目"南方鲜食枣栽培技术规程"(2012-LY-197)

摘　　要：为调控枣花芽分化，为丰产栽培提供理论指导，以鸡蛋枣、以色列1号枣、以色列3号枣、引．10枣、中秋酥脆枣5个枣品种为试材，采用纤维素酶法、电镜扫描、琼脂培养法对其进行花粉量、花粉形态、花粉萌发特性的研究。结果表明：（1）5个枣品种单药花粉量为311～1115，其中以色列3号枣的花粉量最少，中秋酥脆枣的花粉量最多；（2）5个枣品种的花粉形态为长椭圆形或细长椭圆形，具3条狭长萌发沟，极端不汇合，表面为网状雕纹；（3）不同品种花粉萌发对培养基中硼酸及蔗糖浓度具有选择性，以色列1号枣、引．10枣、鸡蛋枣的最适硼酸质量浓度为10．0mg／L，以色列3号枣、中秋酥脆枣的最适硼酸质量浓度分别为30．0、50．0mg／L。引．10枣、鸡蛋枣的最适蔗糖质量分数分别为20％、15％，以色列3号枣、中秋酥脆枣的最适蔗糖质量分数为10％。以色列1号枣在各种培养条件下，平均萌发率为2．04％，属于雄性高度不育品种。In order to regulate flower bud differentiation in jujube and to provide a theoretical guidance for high-yield cultivation, taking five jujube cultivars as experimental materials, including Egg jujube, Israel No.l, Israel No.3, Yin-10, and Mid-Autumn crisp jujube, pollen amount, pollen morphology, pollen germination characteristics were researched by using the methods of cellulose enzymatic, electron microscope scanning, and agar culture. The results showed that： （1） Pollen amount per anther in the five jujube cultivars were between 311 and 1115, pollen amount in Israel No.3 was the least, and that in Mid-Autumn crisp jujube was the most; （2） Pollen morphology in five jujube cultivars was long or slender oblong, had three long and narrow germination ditches without meeting in the pole tips, and had net-sculptures; （3） Pollen germination of different jujube cultivars had selectivity of H3BO4 and sucrose concentrations in media, the optimal mass concentrations of HaBO4 for Israeli No.l, Yin-10 and egg jujube were 10.0 mg/L, and those for Israel No.3 and Mid-Autumn crisp jujube were 30.0 and 50.0 mg/L, respectively. The optimal sucrose mass fraction concentrations for Yin-10 and Egg jujube were 20% and 15%, respectively, and those for Israel No.3 and Mid-Autumn crisp jujube were 10%. The average germination rate of Israel No.1 was 2.04%under all of the culture conditions, which belonged to the cultivar of male infertility.

关 键 词：枣 花粉 形态 萌发率 花粉管 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]