糙海参卵子发生及卵黄发生的超微结构  

Ultrastructure of oogenesis and vitellogenesis of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra

作　　者：吴明灿[1] 张立 潘英[1] 黄光华 李咏梅 杨学明 

机构地区：[1]广西大学动物科学技术学院,广西南宁530004 [2]广西水产科学研究院,广西南宁530021

出　　处：《热带海洋学报》2015年第3期68-74,共7页Journal of Tropical Oceanography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31260636);广西自治区直属公益性科研院所项目(GXIF-2014-008)

摘　　要：通过扫描与透射电镜观察了糙海参(Holothuria scabra)卵子发生及卵黄发生的过程。结果表明,糙海参卵子属于均黄卵,其卵子发生经历卵原细胞、卵黄发生前卵母细胞、卵黄发生期卵母细胞3个阶段。其中,卵黄发生期卵母细胞分别包括卵黄发生早期、中期、后期卵母细胞3个阶段。卵原细胞核大且呈椭圆形,胞质中只分布少量的线粒体;卵黄发生前卵母细胞内有一个空泡状的生发泡(卵核);卵黄发生早期,细胞器种类丰富,数量多;卵黄发生中期,卵黄合成旺盛,是内源性卵黄大量形成的阶段,多种细胞器活跃参与形成卵黄;卵黄发生后期,细胞体积最大,细胞核明显,且位于胞质中间或者靠近动物极突。高尔基体、线粒体及核糖体是形成内源性卵黄最主要的细胞器。卵质膜通过胞饮作用参与外源性卵黄的形成。本结果可为糙海参繁殖生物学和人工繁殖提供参考。Ultrastructure changes of oocytes during oogenesis and vitellogenesis in sea cucumber Holothuria scabra were studied by scanning electronic microscopy（SEM） and transmission electronic microscopy（TEM）. The results show that oocyte of H. Scabra belongs to isolecithal egg and its oogenesis includes following three stages： oogonium, pre-vitellogenic oocyte and vitellogenic oocyte, and that the stage of vitellogenic oocyte includes early vitellogenic oocyte, mid vitellogenic oocyte and late vitellogenic oocyte. Besides a large and oval nucleus, oogonium contains fewer mitochondrias in this stage. The nuclear of pre-vitellogenic oocyte contains a vacuolated nucleoli, also known as a germinal vesicle. At the early stage of vitellogenesis, various well-developed organelles emerge in cytoplasm. At the stage of mid vitellogenic oocyte, active endogenous yolk formation greatly occurs and many kinds of organelles directly participate in this process. At the stage of late vitellogenic oocyte, the oocytes are the biggest and contain fewer numbers of organelles, and the germinal vesicle of eccentric position is near the basal protuberance. Golgi apparatus, mitochondrias and ribsome are the dominant organelles, which take part in the formation of endogenous yolk, while active microphagocytosis of plasma membrane play the main role in forming exogenous yolk.

关 键 词：糙海参 卵子发生 卵黄发生 超微结构 

分 类 号：P735.54[天文地球—海洋生物学]