道家身体观及其体育思想的内在超越  

Daoism's Body-thinking and Sports Ideology of Inner-transcendence

作　　者：李有强[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院国际文化交流学院,上海200438

出　　处：《体育科学》2015年第6期90-96,F0003,共8页China Sport Science

基　　金：上海哲学社会科学规划课题(2012BTY002);上海市教育委员会科研(创新)项目资助(12YS091)

摘　　要：以老子、庄子、列子、鹖冠子等为代表的道家学派,虽然与儒家共同完成了东方"身心一元"的理论阐释,但其身体观的思想体系自有其独到之处。道家身体结构观用气论来弥合身心界限,注重身体结构的微观考察;道家的身体功能观以自然之身体作为典范,注重形神双修,倡导撄宁养生,将天道作为发挥身体功能的参考依据;道家的身体处置观尊重生命本真,达观生死,化观形变,以减法原则养护身体,主张适度运动。道家体育思想的内在超越集中表现为:摒弃身体力量的展示与炫耀,主张含而不露的负力无闻;摒弃体育技术细节的执著与纠缠,主张极具写意的入化出神;摒弃运动表现的外在评估,主张基于心理素质的综合考察。道家身体观及其体育思想的内在超越,在守雌重柔的哲学精神上一脉相承,既指出了以导引养生为特色的传统体育发展方向,也为现代体育应对危机提供了可能的援引。As the representatives of Daoism, Lao Zi, Zhuang Zi, Lie Zi, He Guanzi, etc. have the same opinions on the mind-body monism with Confucianism, but their body-thinking is quite unique ： Daoist ＇ s view of the body structure is to hold Qi theory to bridge the physical and mental boundaries with focusing on the microscopic study of the body structure;Daoist ＇s view of the body function is to take natural body as model, advocate mind and body＇ s education and nurture, and pursue to return to the quiet phase ; Daoist ＇ s view of the body ＇ s disposal is to stress respecting for life,with neutral attitude on the birth and death, and nurse body economically and gently. Daoist＇ s views of sports can be summarized as a three folds of inner-tran- scendence.abandon the show off body strength, advocate unknowing of the strength; abandon sports technical movement training＇ s step-by-step details, advocate very impressionistic style of learning; abandon the external assessment of athletic performance, advocate comprehensive mental quality. Daoist＇ s body-thinking and sports ideology of inner-transcendence, with the same lineage on the female and fragile property, not only point out the direction of traditional sports development, but also provide the possibility to deal with the crisis of modern sports.

关 键 词：道家 身体观 体育 内在超越 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]