深圳市某大型修船厂职业危害因素分析  

Analysis of occupational hazards in a large ship repair enterprise of Shenzhen City

作　　者：王欣[1] 莫民帅[1] 赖洪飘[1] 李红梅[1] 祖爱华[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省深圳市南山区疾病预防控制中心,广东深圳518000

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2015年第3期36-38,共3页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

基　　金：深圳市南山区技术研发和创意设计项目分项资金教育卫生科技资助项目(南科研卫2014048号)

摘　　要：目的分析深圳市某大型修船厂工作场所职业病危害情况和作业人员健康检查状况,为职业病防治提供依据。方法2009-2013年连续5年对该造船厂进行职业卫生现场调查和检测,并结合2012年和2013年工人健康体检结果进行分析。结果该修船厂主要职业有害因素包括:生产性粉尘、锰及化合物、有机溶剂苯系物和噪声。结果显示电焊烟尘和砂轮磨尘、锰及其无机化合物(Mn O2计)均存在不同程度的超标,其中超标最严重的是锰及其无机化合物,定点采样检测超标率达67.44%,个体检测时间加权平均浓度最大值达7.55 mg/m3,远高于国家标准限值(0.15 mg/m3)。噪声作业岗位中70.03%的工人(76/107)每日接触噪声强度超过国家接触限值[85d B(A)]标准。个体采样检测结果中,二甲苯超标率为50%,最高浓度达233mg/m3。健康体检结果显示,2012年血常规异常率高于2013年,结果差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.61,P<0.01);结论粉尘、锰及其无机化合物、苯系物以及噪声是该造船厂主要职业病危害因素,应加强对这些职业病危害因素的预防控制,重视接触职业危害工人的健康监护。Objective To analyze occupational hazards in the work place and worker physical examinations in a large ship repair enterprise from 2009 to 2013, so as to provide basis for the prevention of occupational hazards. Methods Investigation of workplace conditions was conducted to detect occupational hazards in a large ship repair enterprise for five years from 2009 to 2013. Worker physical examinations were performed in 2012 and 2013. Results The main occupational hazards in this enterprise included industrial dust, manganese and other inorganic compounds, benzene compounds, and noise hazard. （ 0. 15mg/m3 ） o The level of welding fumes, grind wheel dust manganese and inorganic compounds （ MnO2 ） exceeded the national exposure limits. Through a sampling point detection, it was found that the levels of manganese and other inorganic compounds exceeded the most at 67.44% over the limit. The maximum time-weighted average concentration in individuals was 7.55mg/m3 , much higher than the national standard limit of 0. 15mg/m3. Among workers exposed to hazardous noise, 70. 03% worked in the workplace where the daily noise was above the level of the national standard of 85 dB（A）. For deleterious gas detection in individuals, xylene was 50% above the standard limit with the highest concentration reaching 233mg/m3. Physical examinations showed that the abnormalities in routine blood tests were significantly different in workers （ X2 = 8.61, P 〈 0. 01 ） between 2012 and 2013. Conclusion Dust （ total dust） , manganese and other inorganic compounds, benzene compounds, and noise hazard were the major occupational hazards for workers in the large ship repair enterprise. Workplace policies should be strengthened to control these occupational hazards. Strict occupational health monitoring should be provided for workers exposed to occupational hazards.

关 键 词：职业病危害因素 修船厂 职业健康体检 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]