农作措施对中国稻田氧化亚氮排放影响的研究进展  

Review on management-induced nitrous oxide emissions from paddy ecosystems

作　　者：薛建福[1] 濮超 张冉[1] 赵鑫[1] 刘胜利[1] 陈阜[1] 张海林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,农业部农作制度重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第11期1-9,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2015QC046);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-13-0567)资助

摘　　要：农业是全球最主要的温室气体排放源之一,稻田不仅是全球重要的甲烷(CH4)排放源,亦是氧化亚氮(N2O)的重要排放源。灌溉、施肥、耕作等农作措施能够改变稻田生态系统土壤微环境,影响土壤硝化与反硝化过程,进而影响N2O的排放。目前,关于农作措施对农田生态系统N2O排放特征研究很多,但系统地综述农作措施对稻田N2O排放影响的研究还比较少。该文着眼于中国的农业发展趋势,基于稻田灌溉、施肥及耕作等方面的新技术,综合分析新型农作措施对中国稻田生态系统N2O排放的影响及其机制,为相关研究提供参考。在此基础上,提出了中国稻田生态系统N2O排放深入研究的方向:1)加强研究新型农作措施下稻田N2O产生及排放途径;2)系统研究稻田生态系统直接与间接N2O排放的影响及其机制;3)开展农作措施集成技术对稻田生态系统N2O排放影响的研究;4)加强模型模拟的调参验证并进行相关预测分析。Climate change, as one of the most important environmental issues, has become an increasing global concern to scientists, policy makers, and the public. Paddy soils are a dominant source of N2O emissions. Agricultural management practices （e.g., water regime, fertilizers management, tillage） have important impacts on N2O emissions due to the changing microenvironment of paddy fields that can affect the processes of soil nitrification and denitrification. This paper summaried current literatures on the influence of these practices on N2O production and emission and their corresponding mechanisms in rice fields. At present, the generation and the pathway of N2O emission from paddy soils are clarified. Nevertheless, the current information on the action of farming management practices on N2O indirect emission is limited. The fertilizer application rate, the various types of fertilizers, and the varying timing and placement of application have a significant effect on the N2O emissions of paddy fields due to the different supplementation of nitrate and ammonium substrate in the processes of nitrification and denitrification. Generally, N2O emissions increase with increasing nitrogen （N） fertilizer rate. Previous studies showed that applying N fertilizer deeper can decrease N2O emissions compared to surface application. Water regime exerts substantial influence on N2O emission through the changes in oxidation and reduction in paddy soil layers during rice cropping. The mid-season aeration and drying-wetting alternation can stimulate N2O generation and emissions from paddy soils. Tillage and residue management practices can also affect nitrification and denitrification due to the change of soil characteristics. However, cultivation patterns do not have significant impacts on N2O emissions from paddy fields in current studies. Further research is needed to study the long-term effects of cultivations on N2O emissions. Most studies showed that N2O emissions decrease by incorporating biochar into paddy soils, but in

关 键 词：气候变化 土壤 灌溉 农作措施 稻田 氧化亚氮 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学] S157.4