玉米茎秆汁液防治坡面土壤侵蚀的室内模拟试验  

Simulated experiment for preventing slope soil erosion using corn stalk juice as soil amendment

作　　者：魏霞[1,2,3] 李勋贵[1] Huang Chihua 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院 [2]Agronomy Dep., Purdue Univ., [3]USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Lab., 275 S Russell St, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2077, USA

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第11期173-178,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41001154;51109103);中国博士后科学基金项目(20110490862);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(lzujbky-2012-139;lzujbky-2014-126;lzujbky-2015-149)

摘　　要：该文通过室内人工模拟降雨试验,研究了地表施加玉米茎秆汁液对降雨产流产沙强度的影响,旨在探索玉米茎秆汁液是否可以作为土壤改良剂来减少产流产沙强度。试验设计了2种玉米茎秆汁液的施加量(400和800 g)、4种施加浓度(10%、25%、50%和75%)和4种降雨强度(50、25、75、100 mm/h)。结果表明,各施加浓度和施加量的玉米茎秆汁液都能够减少降雨产流产沙强度,且相同条件下的产沙强度减小程度大于产流强度减小程度。当玉米茎秆汁液的施加量为400 g时,随着施加浓度从10%增加至25%、50%和75%,减流百分比分别为31.243%、31.685%、34.595%和39.475%,减沙百分比分别为23.167%、41.993%、37.918%和64.606%;当玉米茎秆汁液的施加量为800 g时,随着施加浓度从10%增加至25%、50%、75%,减流百分比分别为37.583%、56.433%、63.170%和76.360%,减沙百分比分别为48.214%、77.219%、88.572%和95.539%。当施加量和降雨强度相同时,产流产沙强度与施加浓度之间呈显著的指数函数递减关系,产沙强度随降雨强度的变化呈显著的幂函数递增关系。当施加量为400 g时,各施加浓度下的产流强度与降雨强度之间呈显著的线性函数递增关系,当施加量为800 g时,各施加浓度下的产流强度随降雨强度呈显著的指数函数递增关系。研究为水力侵蚀的防治提供了新思路,为水蚀荒漠化的防治提供了新方法。Although polyacrylamide and other manufactured soil amendments have been effective in runoff and sediment reduction, there is a need to seek natural products that may provide the same soil conservation benefits. In the process of developing green biomass utilization, such as fiber extraction, the plant juice becomes a natural byproduct because only water is used in the extraction. In this research, corn stalk juice was tested for its effects on runoff generation intensity and sediment yield intensity. The experimental design involved four simulated rainfall intensities （25, 50, 75, and 100 mm/h）, four diluted corn stalk juice concentrations （10%, 25%, 50%, and 75%）, and two diluted corn stalk juice amounts （400 and 800 g） on four 0.5-m-long, 0.2-m-wide, and 0.1-m-deep soil boxes set at 5% slope. Experiments were conducted at the USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Lab. Surface soil （0-10 cm） of a Crosby-Miami complex alfisol with 20% clay, 66% silt and 14% sand was from the Purdue Animal Science Research and Education Center in West Lafayette, Indiana. The test soil was air-dried, crushed and then passed through an 8-mm sieve. The corn stalk juice used in this study was extracted from field corn plants grown at Purdue Agronomy Farm at West Lafayette, Indiana. A 100-min continuous rainstorm was applied. The storm consisted of four intensity sequences： 50 mm/h for 60 min, 25 mm/hfor 20 min, 75 mm/h for 10 min and 100 mm/h for 10 min. Runoff samples were collected in 1-liter HDPE bottles every 5 min during the two lower intensity rains and every 3 min during the two higher intensity rains. Time to fill the runoff bottle was recorded. After each run, the sample bottles were weighed immediately to obtain the runoff rate. Approximately 5 mL of saturated alum solution was added to the sample bottles to flocculate the suspended sediment. After settling overnight, the excess water was poured off the bottles. The bottles were placed in the oven set at 105＆#176;C for at least 24 h or until the sedime

关 键 词：土壤改良剂 产流 产沙 水土流失 模拟降雨 玉米茎秆汁液 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]