清代江南命案尸场勘验的整顿与社会变迁  

Social Vicissitudes and Regulation of Corpse Inspection of Homicide Case in Jiangnan of Qing Dynasty

作　　者：冯贤亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史系

出　　处：《史林》2015年第3期64-76,220,共13页Historical Review

摘　　要：人命案件是清代州县最重要的行政工作之一,法律上要求州县正印官员遇到人命呈告时,既要十分审慎,又要及时勘验审实。而在此过程中出现的诸多弊端,如图赖、假命案等,对地方社会产生了深重的扰累,虽经清代不同时期不同官员的多方改革、调整,都无太多的起色。其难予以全部消除的重要原因,在于胥吏层的薪资太低,且又出身本地,长期盘踞衙门,命案勘验成为他们向民间需索钱财的途径。而短暂莅任江南的州县官员,根本不可能在有限的任期内清除这些问题。律法上的制度设计和要求,与实际行政的距离相去太远。就江南地区而言,命案尸场工作中勘验官吏对乡村的需索、图赖的盛行等,都与制度规范相违背;对州县命案勘验工作的大规模整顿工作,最终出现在太平天国战争之后,并具有明显的地区差异。The homicide case is one of the most important cases in the executive work of prefectures and counties in Qing dynasty. The law requires all the principal officials of the prefecture and county levels to be prudent and do the inquisition and survey in time when there was relevant lawsuit. In regions south of the Yangtze River,the inquest officials' action was opposite to the institutional norm in homicide cases. The largescale regulation work appeared after the war of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom( 1851- 1864),and showed obvious regional difference.

关 键 词：清代 江南 命案 尸场经费 行政实践 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]