医学分子生物学进展诠释着病毒的起源和进化  

The Origination and Evolution of Virus Base on Contemporary Progress of Molecular Bio-Medicine

作　　者：周鑫[1] 杨漫宇[1] 匡林林[1] MA Jianjie ISAACS Williams 徐学红[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学生命科学学院,陕西西安710062 [2]Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus OH, USA [3]Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD, USA

出　　处：《实验室研究与探索》2015年第5期5-10,15,共7页Research and Exploration In Laboratory

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31371256);中央高校团队资助项目(GK201301001);国家教委外事司邀请项目(MS2014SXSF038);秦巴山区持续发展协同中心项目(201310718021)

摘　　要：在人类依然抗争着禽流感病毒、艾滋病病毒以及SARS病毒等对生命威胁和享受现代医学及分子生物学的最新研究成果的同时,思考病毒的起源和进化的分子机理是痛定思痛且必须关心审视的医学科学问题。病毒是介于生命与非生命间的非细胞生命体,关于它的起源及进化有3种观点:1自起源理论,病毒先于细胞产生于生命前地球,然后进化成原核细胞及真核细胞;2平行进化理论,病毒和细胞是在生命前环境条件下同时平行起源而成,进化过程中形成寄生于细胞的关系;3细胞源退化理论或逆向理论,病毒是细胞形成之后,向外"抛出"的大分子或其复合体,来源于并寄生于细胞。近些年的分子生物学的一些进展揭示:理解并接受病毒起源的多元性,认同病毒在生命历史起源进化的多机制特征,是回答自然赋予的这一生物医学课题命题的最合理答案。Along challenging against life-threaten from various viruses for instance avian flu, AIDS, SARS, ect. , and enjoying the progresses of molecular biomedicine, it is the time for us to decipher the deep fact on virus origination and evolution. Virus is a non-cell organism existing between life and non-life. It shows a complete parasitic characteristic in its way of living. Concerning its origination and evolution, there are three different hypotheses. One is that virus was generated before cell on the earth of pre-biotic stage. As a former organism, it would evolutinate to prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell. The secondary is that both cell and virus were generated simultaneously in the pre-biotic stage. During evolution, virus developed its parasitism on cells. The third is that virus is a macromolecule or macromolecular complex, ＂ being thrown out of cells＂. It came from cells and was parasitic to cells. Three hypotheses address that eventually, virus evolutinated its complete parasitic style of living. Although the most of biologists believed the third hypothesis previously, they are paying their most attention to all these hypotheses nowadays regarding the proceedings of medical molecular biology. Both proceedings of molecular biology and natural philosophy show that the understanding to the pluralism of virus origination would be the most credible solution to assure the position of virus on the evolution tree on the earth, which accomplished the central dogma of molecular biology.

关 键 词：病毒起源 逆转录 朊病毒 起源与进化多元性 

分 类 号：Q111[生物学—普通生物学]