烟田有机肥配施对烤烟抗病性和品质的影响  

Effects of Application of Organic Fertilizer Combined with Chemical Fertilizer on Disease Resistance and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：陈玉国[1] 李小杰[1] 王海涛[1] 李淑君[1] 李成军[1] 朱景伟[1] 王留臣[1] 宋鹏飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院烟草研究所,河南许昌461000

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2015年第6期38-42,共5页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203091);浙江中烟工业有限公司科技攻关项目(8100082)

摘　　要：为探讨有机无机肥配施对烤烟生长、抗病性及品质的影响,为烤烟降焦、增香、减害提供技术支撑,通过田间试验,在主要营养元素氮、钾施用量相等条件下,设置有机氮施用量占总施氮量不同配比处理,研究腐熟的牛圈粪、有机芝麻饼肥、豆浆对烤烟生长、抗病性和品质的影响。结果表明,与纯施化肥(对照)相比,配施腐熟牛圈粪、芝麻饼肥和豆浆且有机氮施用量占总施氮量64%处理能够显著促进烟株生长发育,改善烟株的农艺性状;烟株对病毒病的抗性增强,其发病率和病情指数较对照降低31.03%和38.63%,对赤星病的防效也达到了46.91%;烤烟质量和产值显著增加,与对照相比,其上等烟比例、上中等烟比例、均价和产值分别提高31.84%、19.45%、24.40%、26.34%。各有机肥处理烤后烟叶化学成分含量适中,还原糖/总糖比值、还原糖/烟碱比值、K2O/Cl比值趋于协调,可明显改善烟叶香气质,增加烟叶香气量。In order to explore the effects of organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer on tobacco growth,disease resistance,quality and provide technical support for reducing coke and harm,the field ex-periment was done to investigate the growth,disease resistance and quality of flue-cured tobacco by app-lying different types of organic fertilizer such as full well-rotted cow dung, sesame-seed cake and soya-bean milk in the condition of the same supply of N,K and different percent of organic-N in total N. The results showed that the full well-rotted cow dung,sesame-seed cake and soya-bean milk under the organic-N amount of 64%,could significantly promote the flue-cured tobacco growth and improve agronomic traits. The resistance of tobacco plant to the virus disease was enhanced,with the disease incidence and index were reduced by 31. 03% and 38. 63% compared with the control（only chemical fertilizer）,and its con-trol effect on Alternaria alternata also reached 46 . 91%. The quality and output value of flue-cured toba-cco were increased significantly,and the proportion of upper tobacco leaves,the proportion of upper and middle tobacco leaves, average price and the output value were increased by 31. 84%, 19. 45%, 24. 40%,26. 34% respectively compared with the control. Tobacco of organic fertilizer treatments could obtain high quality leaves containing the suitable ratio of reducing sugar/total sugar,reducing sugar/nico-tine and K2 O/Cl. The sensory evaluation indicated that high flavor quality of leaves which had the characteris-tics of good aroma quantity and full aroma quality could be obtained by the organic fertilizer treatment.

关 键 词：烤烟 有机肥 农艺性状 抗病性 品质 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]