多功能土壤添加剂对小麦土传病害的防效及对玉米秸秆的腐解作用  

The Control Effects of Multifunctional Soil Addition Agent on Soil-born Disease of Wheat and Its Decomposing Effects on Corn Stalks

作　　者：李海燕[1] 苏媛[1] 齐永志[1] 赵斌[1] 甄文超[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学植物保护学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2015年第6期84-89,共6页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划粮食丰产科技工程课题(2011BAD16B08;2012BAD04B06;2013BAD07B05);河北省现代农业产业技术体系小麦创新团队建设项目

摘　　要：为明确多功能土壤添加剂HAD-5的田间功效,通过3地2 a田间定点试验研究了其对小麦土传病害的防治效果、对玉米秸秆的腐解效果及对小麦生长和产量的影响。结果表明,越冬期至拔节期,多功能土壤添加剂HAD-5对小麦纹枯病(拔节期除外)、根腐病和全蚀病的防效分别显著低于对照药剂6%戊唑醇种子处理悬浮剂、3%苯醚甲环唑悬浮种衣剂和2.5%咯菌腈种子包衣剂处理;成熟期,多功能土壤添加剂对纹枯病和根腐病的防效分别为71.2%和68.9%,均与对照药剂差异不明显,其对全蚀病的防效低于咯菌腈包衣剂处理,为55.6%。在定兴县、枣强县和献县试验站该制剂对玉米秸秆的累积腐解率分别为62.34%、61.45%和63.33%,比秸秆腐解剂处理分别提高了19.36%、32.89%和19.88%,比空白对照分别提高了37.59%、42.11%和37.29%。多功能土壤添加剂不仅可提高小麦株高和次生根数量,还能提高小麦产量,3地2 a平均产量分别为7 124.7kg/hm2、7 116.2 kg/hm2和6 737.4 kg/hm2,与空白对照相比增产率分别为10.7%、12.3%和5.2%,均高于对照药剂处理和秸秆腐解剂处理。In order to clarify the function of multifunctional soil addition agent HAD-5,the control effect of the multifunctional soil addition agent on the soil-born disease of wheat,its decomposing effect on corn stalks and the effects on the growth and yield of wheat were studied in three experiment stations from 2012 to 2014. The results showed that, from overwintering stage to jointing stage,the control effects of HAD-5 on common rot and take-all were significantly lower than those of 3% difenoconazole seed coating agent and 2. 5% fludioxonil seed coating agent,respectively. There was no significant difference between the control effects of HAD-5 and 6% tebuconazole seed treatment suspension agent on wheat sharp eyespot at jointing stage. At maturity stage, the control effects of HAD-5 on wheat sharp eyespot and common rot were 71. 2% and 68. 9%,respectively,with no difference from those of the drug controls. But the control effect of HAD-5 on take-all （55. 6%） was significantly lower than that of fludioxonil seed coating agent. In Dingxing,Zaoqiang and Xianxian counties,the accumulative degradability rates of HAD-5 to corn stalks＆amp;nbsp;were 62. 34%,61. 45% and 63. 33%,respectively. The accumulative degradability rates of corn stalks in the three stations increased by 19. 36%,32. 89% and 19. 88% compared with those of decomposition agent treatments, and increased by 37. 59%,42. 11% and 37. 29% compared with those of the blank control. The wheat plant height, number of secondary roots and the yield were improved by HAD-5. The average yields in three stations were 7 124. 7 kg/ha,7 116. 2 kg/ha and 6 737. 4 kg/ha,respectively,and significantly higher than that of the blank control with the increase rates of 10 . 7%,12 . 3% and 5 . 2%.

关 键 词：枯草芽孢杆菌 多功能土壤添加剂 小麦土传病害 玉米秸秆 腐解效果 

分 类 号：S435.121[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]