2012-2013年洞庭湖周边地区血吸虫病疫情分析  

Analysis on the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in areas around Dongting Lake in 2012-2013

作　　者：刘宗传[1] 任光辉[1] 徐兴建[2] 丁良[1] 夏蒙[1] 易平[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省血吸虫病防治所,湖南岳阳414000 [2]湖北省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2015年第7期769-773,共5页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2012ZX10004909)

摘　　要：目的了解湖沼型地区血吸虫病疫情状况及其影响因素,为研究相应的防治策略及有效干预措施提供参考。方法在洞庭湖及长江中游5个湖沼型县市采用分层整群随机抽样方法选取22个乡镇121个血吸虫病流行村为监测点,调查区域内的地理环境、人畜感染状况、家畜饲养方式、垸内外钉螺分布及相关影响因素,分析血吸虫病疫情变化及其原因。结果 2012-2013年5个县市共调查6～65岁常住居民119 708人次、耕菜牛（主要传染源）19 828头次、钉螺孳生环境21 033.92hm2次,至2013年,监测区域内人畜平均感染率分别为0.85%和0.48%,未发现感染性钉螺,较2012年分别下降了32.98%、64.55%和100.0%,疫情比往年有明显下降（P〈0.05）,但仍高于同年全国其他地区。影响血吸虫病的主要因素仍是敞放于有螺地带的家畜（R复相关=0.64,P〈0.05）以及疫水接触频率较高的职业人群（RR=1.75）。结论湖沼型地区仍是今后一个时期内血吸虫病防治的重点,需继续加强以家畜传染源控制为主、查治病、查灭螺等综合性防治措施。Objective To understand the epidemic situation and risk factors of schistosomiasis in marshland regions so as to provide reference for developing appropriate control strategy and effective intervention measures. Methods One hundred and twenty-one schistosomiasis endemic villages from 22 townships were elected as surveillance sites with a stratified and cluster sampling method in 5 marsh type counties around Dongting Lake and the middle reaches of Yangtze River in China. The epidemi- ological data about the geographical environment, schistosomiasis infection of the residents and domestic animals, feeding way of livestock, distribution of oncomelania snail and relevant risk factors were surveyed, and then the changes and causes of epidemic situation of schistosomiasis were analyzed. Results A total of 119,708 local residents aged 6- 65 years, 19,828 bovines （a main source of infection） and 21,033.92 hm2 snail habitat environments had been surveyed in the 5 counties from 2012 to 2013. The results showed that the average infection rates of schistosomiasis in the residents, bovines and snails were respectively 0.85 %, 0.48 % and 0 % by the end of 2013, which decreased respectively by 32.98 %, 64.55 % and 100.0 % when compared with the infection rates in 2012. The infection rates were obviously lower than those in the past years （P 〈 0.05）, but still high- er than those in other areas of China in the same year. The main factors influencing schistosomiasis remained to be domestic ani- mals exposed to areas with snails （multiple R = 0.64, P 〈 0.05） and occupational individuals frequently contacting with water containing schistosome cercariae （RR = 1.75）. Conclusions The marshland region is still the key area needed to be controlled for schistosomiasis from present to the near future. The synthetical control measures with focus on domestic animals as infection sources, the examination and treatment of the patients as well as the control of snails should be further strengthened.

关 键 词：血吸虫病 疫情 监测 洞庭湖周边地区 

分 类 号：R532.21[医药卫生—内科学]