2001-2013年重庆市九龙坡区流行性腮腺炎流行特征和暴发疫情分析  

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics and epidemic outbreaks of mumps in Jiulongpo District,Chongqing City in 2001-2013

作　　者：谭学筠 李南[1] 姚远[1] 肖潇[1] 钟欣[1] 秦军[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆市九龙坡区疾病预防控制中心,重庆400039

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2015年第7期853-855,846,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：重庆市卫生局2012年医学科研计划项目(2012-2-453)

摘　　要：目的了解重庆市九龙坡区流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征,为控制流行提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,分析重庆市九龙坡区2001-2013年流行性腮腺炎发病及其分布情况。结果 2001-2013年重庆市九龙坡区报告发生流行性腮腺炎共6 560例,年均发病率59.91/10万,无死亡,其中2006-2013年发生暴发疫情共17起537例,罹患率2.56%;发病呈周期性升高,形成2004年和2010年两个高峰年,发病率分别为139.73/10万、135.27/10万,发病有明显季节性,4-7月份占全年发病总数的58.35%;农村高于城市,城乡发病率之比为1：1.54,差异有统计学意义（χ2=285.92,P〈0.01）;人群分布以15岁以下儿童为主占86.63%,其中5～9岁年龄组的发病数最高占46.42%;男性发病高于女性,男女之比为1.32：1,差异有统计学意义（χ2=121.84,P〈0.01）。结论 2001-2013年重庆市九龙坡区流行性腮腺炎发病呈周期性升高,近年来暴发疫情居九龙坡区中小学校首位,乡级小学是暴发的主要场所,应加强流行性腮腺炎监测和疫苗接种工作,提高人群免疫水平,从根本上减少腮腺炎发病。Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Jiulongpo District, Chongqing City so as to provide evidence for prevention and control of mumps. Methods Descriptive epidemiologieal method was used to analyze the incidence and distribution of mumps in Jiulongpo District, Chongqing City from 2001 to 2013. Results A total of 6,560 cases of mumps were reported from 2001 to 2013 and no death case was found, with the annual average incidence rate of 59.91/ 100,000. 17 outbreaks, including 537 cases of mumps, were reported during the period of 2006 -2013, with the attack rate of 2.56%. The incidence peaks were found in 2004 and 2010, with the incidence rates of 139.73/100,000 and 135.27/100,000, respectively. Mumps occurred mostly in particular seasons during April and July, accounting for 58.35 %. The incidence rate was higher in rural areas than that in urban areas, and the urban - rural ratio was 1 ： 1.54, with statistically significant differences （2 = 285.92, P〈 0.01）. Most of the patients were children younger than 15 years （accounting for 86.63 % ）, and the inci- dence of mumps of children aged 5 - 9 years was the highest （46.42%）. The incidence rate was higher in males than in females, and the sex ratio was 1.32 ： 1, with statistically significant differences （ X2 = 121.84, P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions The incidence of mumps in Jiulongtx） District, Chongqing City from 2001 to 2013 showed a cyclical increasing trend. The outbreak of mumps has taken the first place in primary and middle schools of Jiulongpo District in recent years; moreover, most of the outbreaks oc- cur in township primary schools. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the surveillance and vaccination for mumps and increase the immunization levels of population so as to reduce the incidence of mumps radically.

关 键 词：流行性腮腺炎 发病率 暴发 流行病学 

分 类 号：R512.1[医药卫生—内科学]