基于GIS的黄河内蒙古段冰下河床三维可视化方法与应用  

Three-dimensional visualization method and its application on riverbed under ice of Yellow River in Inner Mongolia based on geographic information system

作　　者：王祚[1] 李畅游[1] 冀鸿兰[1] 李超[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《水利水电科技进展》2015年第4期80-84,共5页Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51369017;51339002);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2013MS0719)

摘　　要：为了揭示冰封期黄河河床的演变过程,基于地理信息系统(GIS)技术,研究了黄河内蒙古段冰下河床三维可视化分析方法。根据野外测量结果进行了河道地形剖析,绘制了河床地形等值线图、矢量地形图及弯道典型断面;在可视化过程中,绘制了冰封期和畅流期河床的三维表面图及地貌晕渲图,并对冰封期和畅流期河床冲淤变迁做了定量计算,对冰盖流和明渠流两种条件下的河床空间进行了对比分析。结果表明:运用GIS技术可以实现河床表面的三维建模和不同时期河床冲淤变化的定量计算,及时反映出河道变迁过程,准确计算河床冲淤量,阐释冰封期泥沙与水流运动相互作用的机理。In order to uncover the evolution process of Yellow River＆#39;s riverbed in frozen period, we studied the analytical method of three-dimensional visualization on riverbed under ice of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia based on geographic information system（GIS）. According to the results of field experiments, we analyzed the river terrain and plotted the riverbed contour maps, the vector topographic maps, and the typical cross sections of curved reach. In the process of visualization, we plotted the three-dimensional surface maps and shade relief maps, and made a quantitative calculation of riverbed＆#39;s scouring and silting changes in the frozen period and open period. Besides, we carried out a contrastive study of riverbed spatial under conditions of open channel flow and ice cover flow. The results showed that the GIS technology can be applied to the three-dimensional model-building of riverbed and the quantitative calculation of its scouring and silting changes at different times. It also can instantly reflect the change process of river channel, accurately calculate the scouring and silting volumes of riverbed, and explain the mechanism of interaction between sediment and flow movement in frozen period.

关 键 词：冰下河床 河床三维可视化 冰封期 河床冲淤变迁 地理信息系统 黄河内蒙古段 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]