黔东南山地苗族与侗族村寨空间分布特征的分异  

The characters of spatial distribution of Miao group villages and Dong group villages in Qiandongnan Mountain Region

作　　者：王丹[1] 郭泺[1] 吕靓[2] 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院,北京100081 [2]浙江省地理信息中心,杭州310000

出　　处：《生态科学》2015年第1期44-52,共9页Ecological Science

基　　金：高等学校学科创新引智计划(B08044);国家自然科学基金(31370480)

摘　　要：以黔东南州统计数据、野外调查资料和矢量地图为数据源,基于Arc GIS10,对黔东南山区内分布的苗族村寨和侗族村寨点进行空间分析,通过数字高程模型(DEM)提取了苗族村寨和侗族村寨分布的海拔、坡度、坡向等数据,计算了不同苗寨点和侗寨点与水系和道路的距离,基于Getis-ord General G函数对苗寨和侗寨进行空间点模式分析。研究结果表明:苗族村寨分布于273—1256 m的高程、1.14—36.11°的坡度范围内,南坡是最主要的分布坡向,苗族村寨与水系距离处于9—1349 m的范围内;侗族村寨分布于244—915 m的高程、1.64—30.44°的坡度范围内,主要分布在东坡,侗族村寨与水系的距离在2—1259 m之间。空间点模式分析结果表明:苗族村寨在海拔和坡向上属于高值聚集,而侗族村寨只坡度上属于高值聚集,地形对苗寨的分布影响更大。Based on statistical material, field survey data and vector map, this paper analyzed the characters of spatial distribution of ethnic villages in Qiandongnan mountain region by Arc GIS10. The elevation, slope and aspect were extracted from the DEM, and the distances between villages, water and roads were calculated. The calculation of point spatial analysis was done based on Getis-ord General G to analyze the distribution of villages on elevation, slope, aspect and several distances. The results showed that Qiandongnan Miao group villages mainly distributed on southern aspect. As to slope, the range was 1.14-36.11°. The Dong group villages mainly distributed on eastern aspect. They ranged from 244 m to 915 m on elevation and from1.64° to 30.44° on slope. The distance between the Miao group villages and water was 2-1259 m. From the standpoint of point spatial analysis, the distribution of the Miao group villages on elevation and aspect was concentrated, and the distribution of the Dong group villages on slope was concentrated. The results showed that the terrain has a greater influence on the distribution of the Miao group villages than Dong group villages.

关 键 词：黔东南州 苗族村寨 侗族村寨 空间分布 

分 类 号：P315.5[天文地球—地震学]