盐城海滨湿地碱蓬沼泽时空演变人为影响研究  

Temporal and spatial changes of Suaeda salsa marshes by human interventions in Yancheng coastal wetland of East China

作　　者：张华兵[1] 刘红玉[2] 李玉凤[2] 

机构地区：[1]盐城师范学院城市与资源环境学院,盐城224051 [2]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210023

出　　处：《生态科学》2015年第1期81-86,共6页Ecological Science

基　　金：江苏省高校自然科学研究项目(13KJB170021/12KJB170006);国家自然科学基金项目(41071119);江苏省高校自然科学研究重大项目(10KJA170029)

摘　　要：盐城海滨湿地景观演变受人为影响极其显著。研究依据2000、2006年、2011年3个时期ETM+影像为基础数据源,从对比的角度,揭示人为影响下碱蓬沼泽景观演变特征。研究结果显示:(1)2000—2011年,北部人工管理区,碱蓬沼泽面积变化明显,减少了87.158%,比南部自然区域多减少了22%;景观破碎度加剧,景观聚合度指数从95.780下降到65.455,比南部区域多下降了16%;斑块平均面积由389.333 hm^2下降到21.429 hm^2,比南部区域多下降了11%;由于不同时期围堰强度的差异,人工管理区打破了自然条件下碱蓬沼泽相对稳定的变化速率,呈现先快后慢的特征,2000—2006年间年减少面积为118.167 hm^2·a–1,2006—2011年只有51.500 hm2·a^(–1)。景观空间变化上,人工管理区碱蓬沼泽质心向东南方向偏移666.350 m,而南部区域向东北方偏移了1042.710 m;2006—2011年,人工管理区碱蓬沼泽质心以向东偏移为主,而南部区域以向北偏移为主。(2)人工围堰致使人工管理区生态系统向淡水生态系统转变,而有利于淡水芦苇沼泽的发育:2006—2006年,在人工管理区,通过人工围堰539 hm^2的碱蓬沼泽转变为芦苇沼泽和养殖池,转移率比南部区域高出了近4%。2006—2011年,北部人工管理区有178 hm^2的碱蓬沼泽转移为芦苇沼泽,转移率比南部区域高出了近20%。(3)由于互花米草超强的扩张能力和种间竞争能力,致使海滨湿地形成了碱蓬沼泽—互花米草沼泽的演变格局:2000—2006年,北部人工管理区15.24%的碱蓬沼泽转移为互花米草沼泽,转移率比南部区域高出了13%;2006—2011年,人工管理区30.07%的碱蓬沼泽转移为互花米草沼泽,比南部区域高出了近10%。Landscape spatial and temporal evolution of Yancheng coastal wetlands is affected by human interventions significantly. Using ETM＋ images in 2000, 2006 and 2011 as the basic data sources, this paper revealed that the evolution characteristics of Suaeda salsa marsh landscape was impacted by human intervention. The results are as follows. Between the year 2000 to 2011, Suaeda marsh area in the artificial area tempestuously degraded, and 87.158% was reduced, 22% more than that in natural area, and the above the landscape was fragmentized. Landscape polymerization degree index dropped from 95.780 to 65.455, 16% more than that in the natural area. The mean patch area has fallen down to 21.429 hm2 from 389.333 hm2, 11% more than that in the natural area. Considering the cofferdam variation in different periods, the changes are processed gradually, and the relative stability has been altered in natural area. From 2000 to 2006, the area was reduced by 118.167 hm2·a–1, while during 2006-2011, it was only 51.500 hm2·a–1. As for spatial change of landscape, in artificially managed areas, the Salsa marsh centroid moved forward to the southeast with 666.350 m, and southeast area moved forward to the north with 1042.710 m. During the year between 2006 to 2011, the centroid movement was respectively east and north. Secondly, artificial cofferdam in artificial managed areas was transformed into freshwater ecosystem, and meanwhile the freshwater reed marsh did benefit a lot from it. During the year of 2000 to 2006, in the artificial managed areas, 539 hm2 Salsa marsh controlled by cofferdam transferred into the Spartina marsh and aquaculture ponds, of which the transformation rate was nearly 4% higher than that in the natural area. From 2006 to 2011, the transformation rate was 20% higher than that in the natural area, and 178 hm2 Salsa marsh has been transferred into the Spartina marsh. Finally, with rapid spreading and competition among Spartina species, the coastal wetland has formed the pattern of Suaeda–Spartina ma

关 键 词：人工管理 碱蓬沼泽 时空演变 盐城自然保护区 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]