遮光与定植方式对地胆草生长及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Shading Treatment and Planting Patterns on Several Main Characters and Yield of Elephantopus scaber

作　　者：郑定华[1] 谢学方[1] 高宏华[1] 余树华[1] 范高俊[1] 张以山[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/农业部儋州热带作物科学观测实验站,海南儋州571737

出　　处：《中药材》2015年第3期433-437,共5页Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(中国热带农业科学院院本级基本科研业务费专项1630022013026);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-34)

摘　　要：目的：了解地胆草在不同光照条件下的生长与产量表现,为地胆草的人工种植提供参考。方法：以全光照的露地栽培为对照,对遮光率分别为42%、50%、60%、69%、85%的遮光处理下穴播、苗植两种方式种植的地胆草生长状况及产量进行了研究。结果：适度遮光促进地胆草株高、叶片数、根系长度的增加并提高根冠比;随遮光率的增加,地胆草由定植到抽薹盛期、开花盛期所需时间减少;单位面积地胆草种子产量、全草产量、根头产量均为全光照的最高,并随遮光率增加而下降,各处理单位面积种子产量在8.46-31.10 kg/667 m^2之间,全草干品产量在327.28-800.95 kg/667 m^2之间,根头干品产量在30.65-70.72 kg/667 m^2之间。结论：地胆草对光照的适应能力较强,属偏喜阳,但可耐受较大程度的荫蔽;人工种植地胆草以穴播方式为好,在热带经济林下间种建议荫蔽度不超过60%为宜。Objective：To study the growth and yield of Elephantopus scaber under different light conditions. Methods：Several main characters and yield performances were studied under six shading treatment as well as two planting patterns. Results：The plant height, leaf number, root length and root-shoot ratio were increased under moderate shading. With the increase of shading ratio, the process of Elephantopus scaber vegetative growth to reproductive growth were shortened, seed yield, dry biomass and root yield decreased as well. Among different shading treatments,dry seed yield showed 8.46 - 31.10 kg/667 m^2, dry biomass showed 327.28 - 800. 95 kg/ 667 m^2 , and dry root yield showed 30. 65 - 70. 72 kg/667 m^2. Conclusion ： EIephantopus scaber is a light-demanding but shade-tolerant plant. The patterns of hole seeding were suggested in planting, and not more than 60% shade density may be good under plantations.

关 键 词：地胆草 遮光处理 定植方式 主要性状 产量 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]