吉林省扩大免疫前后风疹流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of rubella before and after the implementation of expanded immunization in Jilin province

作　　者：周静[1,2] 范明[1] 陈超[1] 周剑惠[1] 林琳[1] 田鑫[1] 程涛[1] 曹凤瑞[1] 付思美[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林省疾病预防控制中心,吉林长春130062 [2]白山市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国卫生工程学》2015年第3期209-211,共3页Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering

基　　金：国家科学技术艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等重大传染病防治专项传染病监测技术平台项目"辽宁及周边省市传染病病原谱流行规律研究"课题子课题"吉林省传染病病原谱流行规律研究"(2012ZX10004209-003)

摘　　要：目的分析吉林省实施扩大免疫前后风疹流行病学特征，为制定风疹预防控制策略提供依据。方法对法定传染病报告系统及突发公共卫生事件报告信息管理系统报告的风疹发病资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果实施扩大免疫前（2004-2008年）风疹发病率波动在1．26／10万-36．66／10万之间，平均发病率为9．79／10万：扩大免疫后（2009-2013年）发病率波动在1．84／10万～5．61／10万之间，平均发病率为3．76／10万，扩大免疫后较扩大免疫前平均发病率下降了61．58％；每年的4-6月为风疹发病高峰期，4-5年为1个发病高峰，有明显的季节性。各地区均有风疹病例报告，扩大免疫前平均发病率最高的为长春市（15．83／10）万，扩大免疫后平均发病率最高的为延边朝鲜族自治州（8．83／10）万。风疹发病〈15岁人群发病约占病例总数的47．49％，15～24岁人群发病约占病例总数的44．24％，25-34岁人群发病约占病例总数的6．12％，扩大免疫后较扩大免疫前平均发病率〈5岁上升19．74％，5-9岁为下降40．25％、10～14岁下降60．85％、15-19岁下降72．58％、20～24岁下降79．89％。扩大免疫前后学生、散居儿童和幼托儿童风疹病例分别占病例总数的83．15％和78．33％。结论吉林省实施扩大免疫后，风疹发病大幅下降；风疹暴发疫情主要发生在学生、散居儿童和幼托儿童；应通过摸底调查及查验接种证等方式，开展重点人群的含风疹成分疫苗（RCV）接种，不断提高适龄儿童RCV接种率和及时接种率；对高中及大学新入学学生及育龄期妇女开展RCV查漏补种工作，以降低风疹及先天性风疹综合征发病水平。Objective To know epidemiological characteristics of rubella before and after the implementation of expanded immunization in Jilin province, and provide the basis on rubella control. Methods Rubella cases were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology collected from National Notifiable Disease Reporting System and Emergency Public Reporting Sys- tem. Results Before the implementation of expanded immunization （ from 2004 to 2008 ）, the incidence rate of reported ru- bella cases was between 1.26/100,000 and 36. 66/100,000, the average incidence rate of rubella was 9. 79/100,000. After the implementation of expanded immunization（ from 2009 to 2013 ）, the incidence rate of reported rubella cases was between 1.84/100,000 and 5.61/100,000, the average incidence rate of rubella was 3.76/100,000, decreasing by 61.58% compared to before the implementation of expanded immunization. The peak time was from April to June, and the rubella incidence also presented obvious seasonal change , 4 -5years reached a peak time. The rubella incidence was re- ported in Jilin province, before the implementation of expanded immunization, the highest incidence was 15.83/100,000 in Changchun region, after the implementation of expanded immunization, the highest average incidence was 8.83/100,000 in Yanbian prefecture. The proportions of rubella cases aged under 15 years old , 15 - 24 years old , 25 -34 years old were 47.49% ,44. 24% and 6. 12% ,respectively. After expanded immune ,the average incidence rate of rubella eases aged un- der 5 years old increased by 19.74% , however, The average incidence rates of rubella cases in the other age groups de- creased by 40. 25% （5 - 9 years old）, 60. 85% （ 10 - 14 years old）, 72. 58% （ 15 - 19 years old）, 79. 89% （20 - 24 years old）. Before and after expanding immunization, the proportion of rubella cases for students, scattered children and nursery children occupied 83.15% and 78. 33% respectively. Conclusion After the implementation of expanded immuni- zation in Jilin province, r

关 键 词：扩大免疫 风疹 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R511.2[医药卫生—内科学]