典型全域旅游城市旅游环境容量测算与承载评价——以延庆县为例  

Assessment and Evaluation of Tourism Environmental Carrying Capacity in Typical Total Scale Tourism Leisure City: A Case Study of Yanqing

作　　者：高洁[1] 周传斌[1] 王如松[1] 徐琬莹[1] 韩宝龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《生态经济》2015年第7期101-104,109,共5页Ecological Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71273254)

摘　　要：在旅游环境容量理论基础上,基于前人研究结果,构建旅游环境容量计算模型。旅游环境容量包括生态环境容量、资源空间容量、经济发展容量三大要素。其中生态环境容量包括生活污水环境容量、大气环境容量、固体废弃物环境容量,经济发展容量包括水资源容量以及住宿设施容量。文章以延庆为研究对象,结合延庆的实际情况,通过资料收集、数据处理,对延庆县旅游环境容量进行测算,得出以下结论:目前延庆县生态环境容量为5.3万人/日,资源空间容量为75.2万人/日,经济发展容量为3.3万人/日,旅游环境容量取"短板"限制因子为3.3万人/日,990万人/年。根据承载程度指数评价结果看出,2013年整年轻度超载,而高峰日严重超载。从结果分析旅游环境容量限制因子为住宿设施,但近年延庆县客房出租率不到30%,说明延庆旅游入境过夜人数并不高,目前超载的情况下,实际上住宿设施并未形成限制因素。而主要的限制因素是污水环境容量和固体废弃物环境容量,可通过新建城乡生活污水处理设施、城乡生活垃圾处理基础设施等提高延庆县的旅游环境容量。As an intra-country and all season＇s tourism leisure environment city, it is necessary to calculate the tourism environmental carrying capacity （TECC） for Yanqing. The result provides the scientific basis for reasonable development of tourism resources and effective protection of ecolo.gical environment. On the basis of TECC theory and previous research, this paper built TECC capacity calculation model. In this paper, an integrated estimation on the TECC was made from the aspects of ecological environment carrying capacity （EECC）, resource environmental carrying capacity （RECC）, domestic environmental carrying capacity （DECC）. EECC is made of wastewater environmental carrying capacity （WECC）, air environmental carrying capacity （AECC） and solid environmental carrying capacity （SECC）; DECC is made of facility carrying capacity and water resource carrying capacity. The results indicated that TECC of the research area was 33 000 persons per day, 9.9 million persons per year which EECC, RECC and DECC is 53 000 million, 33 000 persons per day respectively. In year of 2013, the annual TECC is slight over carrying, and the peak of TECC is serious over carrying. The results showed accommodation facilities supply capacity is limiting factor of Yanqing TECC. According to Beijing statistical yearbook, 30 percent room occupancy rate in Yanqing indicated that number of overnights is apparently low which means actually accommodation facilities supply capacity is not limiting factor. However, the WECC and SECC are the limiting factors .The TECC can be improved by building new wastewater treatment plants and solid-waste system. RECC and AECC is the advantages of TECC which shows the tourism resources of Yanqing are rich and air quality is fairly good. As an important biological conservation area of Beijing, Yanqing can attract more tourists by using of climatic resources and ecological resources.

关 键 词：旅游环境容量 旅游休闲城市 延庆县 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]