寒地水稻节水增产高效正交设计试验研究  

Study on water- saving high yield and high efficiency of rice in cold region by orthogonal design

作　　者：徐丹[1] 张忠学[1] 林彦宇 聂堂哲 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学农业部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2015年第6期22-27,46,共7页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD08B05)

摘　　要：针对黑土区稻田高产栽培模式控制因素单一的现状,文章采用田间小区试验方法,利用正交设计原理,研究不同灌溉方式、各生育时期不同施肥比例、不同栽培密度等因素对同一品种水稻水分利用效率、有效穗数及产量影响的变化规律,从而实现寒地水稻水肥一体化高产高效管理技术模式。结果表明,三因素对产量、水分利用效率影响大小顺序:水分管理>施肥方式>栽培密度,对有效穗数影响大小顺序:栽培密度>水分管理>施肥方式;水分管理因素间差异对水稻产量及水分利用效率影响达显著水平,栽培密度因素间差异对有效穗数影响达极显著水平,水分管理因素间差异对有效穗数为显著水平;经因素不同水平综合分析比较,采用控制灌溉Ⅱ、施肥方式为基肥:蘖肥:穗肥:保花肥=4.5:2:1.5:2、栽培密度24穴·m-2管理技术模式,可以实现水稻节水、高产、高效一体化。In view of the situation that the control factor was usually single in paddy cultivation mode of high yield in black soil region, in this study a field plot experiment was carried out by using the orthogonal design principle to study the effect of different irrigation models, different fertilizer proportions and different planting densities on water use efficiency （WUE）, effective panicles and yield to make the management technology of high-productivity and high-efficiency and integration of water and fertilizer of rice in cold region better than before.The results showed that the order of effects of the three factors on yield and WUE was： water management〉fertilizer application method〉planting density, the order of effect on effective panicles was planting density〉water management〉fertilizer application method. Effect of differences between water management factors on the yield of rice was significant level. Effect of differences between planting density factors on effective panicles was extremely significant level. Effect of differences between water management factors on effective panicles of rice was significant level. Through analysis and comparison of different level of factors, management technology model with controlled irrigation II, application N at later growth stage and planting density of 24 seedling, m2 was taken to make the integration of water saving, high-yielding and high efficiency come true in planting rice.

关 键 词：水稻 正交设计 水分利用效率 产量 密度 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]