生物腐植酸对化学肥料的辅助作用及机理研究  

Function and mechanism of bio- humic acid for chemical fertilizers reduction

作　　者：李晓亮[1] 张珊珊[2] 张玉华[3] 赵立欣[3] 程红胜[3] 向欣[3] 吕贻忠[2] 罗煜[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境管理干部学院环境科学系,河北秦皇岛066012 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [3]农业部规划设计研究院,农业部农业废弃物能源化利用重点实验室,北京100125

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2015年第6期47-55,共9页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41201244,41301250);河北省科技厅项目(13456141)

摘　　要：通过盆栽种植油菜试验,调整化学肥料与生物腐植酸施入量及施入比例,分析油菜生长60 d后产量、品质及土壤理化性状变化情况,以此探究生物腐植酸对降低化学肥料施入量效果及其机理。结果表明,1肥料施入可显著提高油菜产量;2与减量施用化肥(60%常规用量)相比,100%化学肥料施入量及化学肥料与生物腐植酸配施处理皆可显著提高油菜产量,60%化学肥料添加生物腐植酸的处理中,产量可显著提高60%;3生物腐殖酸施入可明显促进油菜对N、P、K养分的吸收,提高肥料利用效率。其机理可能是由于施用生物腐植酸肥料除直接提供养分元素,维持土壤有机质含量,改善土壤理化性质外,还可间接调节土壤酸碱度,活化碱性土壤养分,提高土壤微生物活性等。研究结果表明生物腐植酸肥料对于降低化学肥料施入量的效果明显,为生物腐植酸部分替代化学肥料,并提高养分利用效率的推广提供依据。In order to explore the effect and mechanism of bio-humic acid reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers, the amount and ratio of chemical fertilizers and bio-humic acid were adjusted for 60 d rape planting by pot experiment, yield, quality of rape and soil characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that, （~ Fertilizer applicaiton can increase the yield of rapeseed, significantly; ~ Com- pared to 60% amount chemical fertilizer, 100% chemical fertilizer and chemical fertilizers mix bio-humic acid fertilizer increased rape production significantly, 60% of chemical fertilizers add bio-humic acid can significantly increase 60% yield; ~） Bio-humic acid application to rape could promote the absorption of N, P, K nutrients, improve fertilizer use efficiency. The mechanism may be, apart from provide nutrients, bio-humic acid also can maintain soil organic matter content and improve soil properties, directly; it also can regulate soil pH, activation of alkaline soil nutrients, improve soil microbial activity, indirectly. The results show that the effect of bio-humic acid application can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer effect was obvious, the replacement of chemical fertilizers with bio-humic acid, and improvement of nutrient use efficiency were supported by our results.

关 键 词：生物腐植酸 油菜 养分利用效率 降低化肥用量 

分 类 号：S814.1[农业科学—畜牧学]