高频超声检测仪的研制及其在中耳积液诊断中的应用  

Accurate assessment of middle ear effusion using high-frequency ultrasound

作　　者：周盛[1] 王晓春[1] 计建军[1] 杨军[1] 王延群[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院生物医学工程研究所,天津300192

出　　处：《医疗卫生装备》2015年第6期15-17,共3页Chinese Medical Equipment Journal

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAI13B02);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项资助课题(3332013136)

摘　　要：目的:研制一种简单、可移动、性价比高的超声转换系统来诊断中耳炎。方法:超声换能器和鼓膜之间以水囊作为中间传输介质,通过测量超声反射回波信号的幅值和波峰数来判断是否存在积液。将中心频率10 MHz、直径0.5 mm的宽频带单阵元超声换能器置于狭长水囊之中,水囊充满水并伸入外耳道,使其前端与鼓膜接触。当中耳充满积液时,由于液体对超声能量的吸收,回波信息强度大幅下降,并伴有2个反射脉冲;当中耳内无积液时,回波信息为单一反射脉冲,幅值较强。结果:该检测仪可有效检测中耳积液的存在,进而可早期、准确而可靠地诊断中耳炎。结论:由于超声换能器发射和接收超声波束都是以水作为中间介质,对外界的噪声干扰不敏感,也不需要病患良好的配合,因此,临床上用高频超声来诊断中耳炎,特别是对于婴幼儿患者是一种可行的方法。Objective To develop a simple, portable and cost-effective ultrasonography to diagnose middle ear effusion.Methods A water sac was filled with water as the transmission media between the ultrasonic transducer and the tympanic membrane. The presence of the fluid in the middle ear was determined by evaluating the reflected signal amplitude and counting the number of peaks. The center frequency of the ultrasound transducer was 10 MHz, and the diameter was 0.5 mm.The ultrasound transducer was input into a water sac. The water sac was filled with water and input into the external auditory canal when diagnosing. In case there was any infection in the middle ear, the fluid was built up behind the tympanic membrane. The presence of fluid made reflection signal amplitude from the tympanic membrane lower than a healthy middle ear. In addition, a second echo might be detected if the fluid covered up the whole tympanic membrane. If there was no fluid as in case of healthy ear, then only one strong echo from the membrane was detected. Results The ultrasonography detected middle ear effusion and thus could diagnose otitis media early and accurately. Conclusion The transducer transmits and receives ultrasound beam through the water, which is insensitive to the excessive background noise and does not require significant co-operation from the pediatric patients. So, high-frequency ultrasonography may be an accurate method for diagnosing otitis media in children.

关 键 词：中耳炎 鼓膜 超声换能器 婴幼儿患者 

分 类 号：R764.21[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科] R445.1[医药卫生—临床医学]