华北平原土地整治项目区农用机井的空间布局优化  

Optimizing the Distribution of Pumping Wells for Agricultural Land Consolidation in the North China Plain

作　　者：吴丹[1,2] 吉红霞 刘玉[1,3] 高秉博[1,3] 任艳敏[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]北京农业信息技术研究中心,中国北京100097 [2]晋城市国土测绘院,中国山西晋城048000 [3]国家农业信息化工程技术研究中心,中国北京100097

出　　处：《经济地理》2015年第6期154-160,共7页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41401193;41471115)

摘　　要：以高于铺镇和腰山镇土地整治项目区为例,开展项目区农用机井的空间布局优化研究。1利用行政界线、交通道路、河流水系等线性阻隔要素,将项目区划分为33个优化单元,采用单井控制灌溉面积法计算各优化单元井数,确定井数约束为191眼、井距约束为275.02m。2将项目区划分为精密的栅格,以栅格中心点为评价对象,从水文地质、地形、交通、土地四个方面构建宜布井点适宜性评价模型,一级、二级、三级适宜区分别占宜布井区的29.93%、47.03%和23.04%,且呈现依次向田块内部分布的环状分布特征。3基于空间抽样理论,以待灌溉点到与其最邻近的新建井点或可利用的现状井点间距离的期望为决策变量,基于MMSD优化准则和退火模拟方法,以井距、井数和宜布井位适宜等级为约束条件进行农用机井的空间布局,191个新建井点均匀分布在整个灌区内。文章提出的机井空间布局优化模型有助于科学统一规划新旧机井,实现土地整治项目区的农用机井优化布设。Pumping well construction is an important part of Agricultural Land Consolidation in the North China Plain, the spatial distributionoptimization of which can obviously prompt the benefits and efficiency of given consolidation projects. Based on spatial sampling theory, this paper took Shunping County in Hebei Province as a case, to find out the optimal distribution of wells by simulated annealing technique. In this research, geographic coordinates of suitable location for well siting were adopted as decision variable, minimum mean square distance （MSD） as optimization criterion, and well space, well number and suitable grade for well siting as constraints to establish the optimal distribution model of wells. The main conclusions are as follows： 1） The optimal number and space of wells are 191 and 275.02m respectively, which are acquired via single-well control area calculation approach, after 33 optimal units were divide, using networks of administrative boundaries, roads and rivers; 2） Seven indicators from aspects of hydrology, terrain, communication and land use are selected to evaluate the centroids of gridized irrigation area of pumping wells, and three grades of siting suitability are finally acquired via weighted index summation method; 3） The evenly distributed wells in study area realize the given goals. This study may provide practical model for addition and adjustment of wells, which is helpful for the improvement and development of land consolidation and agricultural infrastructure.

关 键 词：空间模拟退火算法 适宜性评价 农用机井 空间布局优化. 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济]